Parenting and Child Mental Health

Achtergarde, Sandra; Postert, Christian; Wessing, Ida; Romer, Georg; Müller, Jörg

doi:10.1177/1066480714564316

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Stress can negatively affect parents' interpretations of child behaviors, shaping subsequent parent-child interactions, potentially reducing parental responsiveness and sensitivity towards children, thus, impacting child behavior (34,35). While the associations are difficult to disentangle, it is also well established that excessive stress that hinders parents' abilities to appropriately manage their own moods and reactions can perpetuate ongoing difficulties for parents and their children (36). Finally, this relationship could be reflective of genetic variants that affect both a vulnerability to experience stress in parents, and emotional and behavioral problems in their children (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenting stress during infancy is a risk factor for mental health problems in 3-year-old children

et al. 2020

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Background Although research on the relationship between parent and child mental health is growing, the impact of early parenting stress on preschool-aged children’s mental health remains unclear. The objective was to evaluate the association between parenting stress during infancy and mental health problems in 3-year-old children. Methods A prospective cohort study of healthy preschool-aged children recruited from 9 primary care practices in Toronto, Canada was conducted through the TARGet Kids! primary care practice-based research network. Parenting stress was measured when children were between 0 to 16 months of age, using the Parent Stress Index Short Form, PSI-SF. Parent-reported child mental health problems were measured at 36 to 47 months using the preschool Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, total difficulties score (TDS). Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association between standardized PSI-SF and TDS, adjusted for child age, sex, temperament, sleep duration and household income. To strengthen clinical interpretation, analysis was repeated using adjusted multivariable logistic regression (TDS dichotomized at top 20%). Results A total of 148 children (mean ± SD age, 37.2 ± 1.7 months, 49% male) were included in the analysis. Parenting stress during infancy (11.4 ± 3.1 months of age) was significantly associated with mental health problems in 3-year-old children (β = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.20–0.49, p < 0.001). Higher parenting stress was also associated with increased odds of higher TDS (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.69–2.83, p < 0.01). Conclusion Healthy preschool-aged children with parents reporting parenting stress during infancy had a 2 times higher odds of mental health problems at 3 years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenting stress during infancy is a risk factor for mental health problems in 3-year-old children

et al. 2020

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“…This leaves a few questions unanswered. First of all, the present study did not take into account the influence of mother and child characteristics (e.g., temperament) that are known to – additively and interactively – contribute to parenting behavior (Achtergarde et al, 2015). Most important, while all mothers in this study suffered from elevated levels of stress, most mothers were also diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, depression, or PTSD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Mindful With Your Baby/Toddler: Observational Changes in Maternal Sensitivity, Acceptance, Mind-Mindedness, and Dyadic Synchrony

et al. 2019

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Studies on the effectiveness of mindful parenting interventions predominantly focused on self-report measures of parenting, whereas observational assessments of change are lacking. The present study examined whether the Mindful with your baby/toddler training leads to observed changes in maternal behavior and mother–child interaction quality. Mindful with your baby/toddler is a 8- or 9-week mindful parenting training for clinically referred mothers of young children (aged 0–48 months), who experience parental stress, mother–child interaction problems, and/or whose children experience regulation problems. The study involved a quasi-experimental non-random design including a sample of 50 mothers who were diagnosed with a mood disorder ( n = 21, 42%), an anxiety disorder ( n = 7, 14%), post-traumatic stress disorder ( n = 6, 12%), or other disorder ( n = 7, 14%). Mothers completed a parental stress questionnaire and participated in home observations with their babies ( n = 36) or toddlers ( n = 14) during a waitlist, pretest, and posttest assessment. Maternal sensitivity, acceptance, and mind-mindedness were coded from free-play interactions and dyadic synchrony was coded from face-to-face interactions. Sensitivity and acceptance were coded with the Ainsworth’s maternal sensitivity scales. Mind-mindedness was assessed by calculating frequency and proportions of appropriate and nonattuned mind-related comments. Dyadic synchrony was operationalized by co-occurrences of gazes and positive facial expressions and maternal and child responsiveness in vocal interaction within the dyad. Coders were blind to the measurement moment. From waitlist to pretest, no significant improvements were observed. At posttest, mothers reported less parenting stress, and were observed to show more accepting behavior and make less nonattuned comments than at pretest, and children showed higher levels of responsiveness. The outcomes suggest that the Mindful with your baby/toddler training affects not only maternal stress, but also maternal behavior, particularly (over)reactive parenting behaviors, which resulted in more acceptance, better attunement to child’s mental world, and more “space” for children to respond to their mothers during interactions. Mindful with your baby/toddler may be a suitable intervention for mothers of young children with (a combination of) maternal psychopathology, parental stress, and problems in the parent–child interaction and child regulation problems.

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“…Having a parent with a major mental illness is a key risk factor for disorder and impairment in offspring [1].…”

Section: The Relationship Between Parental Mental Illness and Children's Mental Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of mental illness among parents of children receiving treatment within child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS): a scoping review

Campbell

Reupert

Sutton

et al. 2020

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Parenting and Child Mental Health

Cited by 47 publications

References 84 publications

Parenting stress during infancy is a risk factor for mental health problems in 3-year-old children

Parenting stress during infancy is a risk factor for mental health problems in 3-year-old children

Evaluating Mindful With Your Baby/Toddler: Observational Changes in Maternal Sensitivity, Acceptance, Mind-Mindedness, and Dyadic Synchrony

Prevalence of mental illness among parents of children receiving treatment within child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS): a scoping review

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