Parenteral Vaccination Can Be an Effective Means of Inducing Protective Mucosal Responses

Abstract

The current paradigm in vaccine development is that nonreplicating vaccines delivered parenterally fail to induce immune responses in mucosal tissues. However, both clinical and experimental data have challenged this concept, and numerous studies have shown that induction of mucosal immune responses after parenteral vaccination is not a rare occurrence and might, in fact, significantly contribute to the protection against mucosal infections afforded by parenteral vaccines. While the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not well understood, the realization that parenteral vaccination can be an effective means of inducing protective mucosal responses is paradigm-shifting and has potential to transform the way vaccines are designed and delivered.

Better colonisation of newly emerged Bordetella pertussis in the co-infection mouse model study

“…The traditional view was that parenteral immunisation does not induce mucosal secretory immunity in humans [33]. However, this view has been challenged [34]. Many studies, both clinical and experimental, have shown that parenteral vaccination induces mucosal immune responses, although the underlying mechanism is not known [34].…”

“…However, this view has been challenged [34]. Many studies, both clinical and experimental, have shown that parenteral vaccination induces mucosal immune responses, although the underlying mechanism is not known [34]. Therefore, selection pressure from ACV exerted through mucosal immunity is very likely.…”

Adjuvant-Mediated Epitope Specificity and Enhanced Neutralizing Activity of Antibodies Targeting Dengue Virus Envelope Protein

“…Nonetheless, perspectives on the clinical use of non-toxic LT derivatives have been overshadowed by the induction of undesirable side effects (transient facial paralysis) observed in patients submitted to intranasal immunization trials ( 59 ). However, recent observations describing the successful use of LT derivatives as parenterally administered adjuvants rekindled interest in these adjuvants under both experimental and clinical conditions ( 8 , 9 , 60 – 62 ). In this study, we evaluated the adjuvant properties of LT and a non-toxic derivative composed of the B subunit pentamer as parenterally delivered adjuvants admixed with a recombinant form of the DENV2 EDIII.…”

Shigella Vaccine Development: Finding the Path of Least Resistance

“…Antibodies in lymphocyte supernatants (ALS) have also been evaluated in Shigella vaccine studies, as they parallel circulating antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses (19). The S. flexneri 2a bioconjugate vaccine evaluated by Riddle et al elicited antibodies in lymphocyte supernatants assays (ALS) for most subjects 7 days after the first immunization, although the significance of these responses with regard to protective immunity is not yet known.…”