Parental Stress Assessment with the Parenting Stress Index (PSI): A Systematic Review of Its Psychometric Properties

Ríos, Mercedes; Zekri, Sara; Alonso-Esteban, Yurena; Navarro‐Pardo, Esperanza

doi:10.3390/children9111649

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The multifaceted impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on families with children suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders revealed several pivotal insights in this three-year longitudinal assessment. A notable observation from the current study is the perceived decline by parents in their child's access to vital therapies and interventions, as expressed by previous studies [25][26][27][28]. While various reasons could account for this, lockdowns and restrictions, changes in healthcare prioritization, and disruptions in health services might be prime contributors.…”

Section: Literature Analysismentioning

confidence: 69%

Stress Dynamics in Families with Children with Neuropsychiatric Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Three-Year Longitudinal Assessment

Gruescu,

Popoiu,

Levai

et al. 2023

JCM

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Background and Objectives: This study explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on families with children diagnosed with neuropsychiatric disorders, focusing on stress dynamics and quality of life. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal survey was conducted over three years (2020–2022) involving 168 families. The survey included data on demographics, diagnosed conditions, access to therapies, mental well-being, and perceived challenges. Results: The study involved 62, 51, and 55 families in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. ADHD emerged as the most prevalent condition, diagnosed in approximately 32% of the children. The pandemic significantly affected therapy access, with parents reporting a decrease from an average score of 8.1 in 2020 to 6.5 in 2022 (p = 0.029). Parents also reported increased feelings of being overwhelmed, peaking at 8.0 in 2021 before declining to 6.3 in 2022 (p = 0.017). Despite these challenges, there was a positive trend in family mental well-being, with scores increasing from 5.1 in 2020 to 6.7 in 2022 (p = 0.031). The Parental Stress Index (PSI) indicated decreasing trends in Emotional Stress and Parent–Child Communication Difficulties (p < 0.001), and Behavioral Challenges in children showed a significant reduction across the years (p < 0.001). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) reflected a moderate reduction in anxiety levels from 7.6 in 2020 to 6.0 in 2022 (p = 0.038), although depression scores did not show a significant change. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic introduced notable challenges for families with neuropsychiatrically diagnosed children, particularly in therapy access and increased parental stress. However, the study also reveals a general improvement in family dynamics, mental well-being, and a decrease in behavioral challenges over time. The necessity of this study stems from the critical need to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on families with neuropsychiatrically diagnosed children, focusing on their resilience and adaptation in navigating therapy access, parental stress, and overall mental well-being.

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Section: Literature Analysismentioning

confidence: 69%

Stress Dynamics in Families with Children with Neuropsychiatric Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Three-Year Longitudinal Assessment

Gruescu,

Popoiu,

Levai

et al. 2023

JCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…What makes it possible to assess the degree of family involvement is the Parenting Stress Index–Short Form (PSI-SF), an internationally validated tool that explores various areas of discomfort and coping, related to parent–child interaction, parental distress and behavior [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children with Permanent Hearing Impairment

et al. 2023

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Permanent childhood hearing impairment (PCHI) represents the most frequent sensory pathology at birth. PCHI has a relevant psychological impact on the life of both the affected children and their families. Thus, the aim of this work is to explore the degree of parental distress felt by mothers of a deaf or hard-of-hearing child, to determine if this stress is associated with variables related to the children’s health (e.g., the severity of hearing loss, presence of other conditions, difficulty with treatment options, difficulty with rehabilitation) or family characteristics such as socio-economic and educational status. The study used the Parenting Stress Index–Short Form (PSI-SF) questionnaire administered to mothers. The results were analyzed in relation to variables such as parents’ education level, number of children, severity of hearing loss, presence of other chronic conditions, presence of cognitive delay, familiarity with hearing loss, time of diagnosis, use of prosthetics, and start in a rehabilitation program. The data indicate a correlation between maternal stress levels and low-educational levels, as well as the presence of congenital infections and cognitive delay. These results highlight the need for a comprehensive physical and psychological approach for hearing-impaired children, as stress factors can affect the adherence to effective rehabilitation.

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“…The total stress index, which is a measure of the overall level of stress a person is feeling in their role as a parent was used in post hoc analyses. The PSI has been shown to have strong psychometric properties across multiple samples, including good internal consistency (α = .85–.90), and excellent validity (Holly et al, 2019; Ríos et al, 2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion Regulation and Organizational Skills in Children With ADHD Symptoms Are Associated With Behavioral Parent Training Adherence

Hawkey,

Williams,

Chung

et al. 2024

J Atten Disord

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Objective: Behavioral parent training (BPT) is a well-established treatment for ADHD; however, treatment response is variable. Consistency in parent skill use during BPT is known to influence child outcomes post-treatment, while less research has focused on specific child factors that may be impacting parent skill utilization during treatment. The current study examined associations between child organizational skills and emotion dysregulation (ED) with parent treatment adherence during BPT and post-treatment child impairment. Method: Parents of 72 children ( Mage = 8.31) with ADHD symptoms and impairment participated in BPT which was embedded in a 12-week, multicomponent, school-based intervention for children delivered by school mental health clinicians. Outcomes included parent treatment adherence and child improvements in global impairment post-treatment. Results: Greater pre-treatment child organizational problems were associated with less parent treatment adherence regardless of ADHD symptom severity. Worse pre-treatment child ED was associated with more impairment post-treatment regardless of ADHD symptom severity whereas the effects of child ED on parent treatment adherence were moderated by child ADHD symptom severity. Conclusion: The current study suggests that pre-treatment child ED and organizational difficulties impact parent treatment adherence to behavioral interventions targeting ADHD symptoms, potentially in unique ways, and should be considered in future BPT treatment studies.

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Parental Stress Assessment with the Parenting Stress Index (PSI): A Systematic Review of Its Psychometric Properties

Cited by 12 publications

References 59 publications

Stress Dynamics in Families with Children with Neuropsychiatric Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Three-Year Longitudinal Assessment

Stress Dynamics in Families with Children with Neuropsychiatric Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Three-Year Longitudinal Assessment

Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children with Permanent Hearing Impairment

Emotion Regulation and Organizational Skills in Children With ADHD Symptoms Are Associated With Behavioral Parent Training Adherence

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