Parental restriction and children’s diets. The chocolate coin and Easter egg experiments

Ogden, Jane; Cordey, Phillipa; Cutler, Laura; Thomas, Hayley

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.10.021

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the majority of the shorter-term studies, sweet foods or beverages were added to the diet. Study groups and conditions with a higher exposure to sweet foods, compared to groups and conditions with a lower exposure to sweet foods, reported a relatively lower liking or pleasantness for sweet foods (28); a lower appetite for sweet foods (28); lower explicit and implicit wanting for sweet foods (28); higher demands (19) and no differences in the demands (19) for sweet foods; lower (28,30) and no change (31) in preferences for sweet foods; no differences in most preferred sweetness concentration (20); and no effects on intakes (19,28,29). Conclusions could not be drawn from all relevant measures in all studies, because in some cases the results for (nonexposed) sweet and nonsweet foods were combined (30,32).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nineteen articles were finally included in our review. One article reported 2 separate studies (19) and another tested and reported children and adults as independent research study populations (20), yielding a final total of 21 studies that met our inclusion criteria. The results of all searches are provided in the PRISMA diagram in Figure 1.…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The domain of adequate study size and power was the most common potential source of bias of those assessed, for which only 2 studies received ratings of low risk (33,35). For the domain of ITT analysis, risk of bias was rated as low in 6 studies (19,20,28,29,37). For the domain of drop-out, risk of bias was rated as low in all studies except 2 (31,37).…”

Section: Risk Of Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all other studies, exposure to other sweet foods were simultaneously permitted in all groups and conditions. Measured outcomes of relevance to our research question were: liking or pleasantness of sweet foods (other than those in the exposure manipulation) (28,30,32), appetite for sweet foods (28), explicit wanting or demanding sweet foods (19,28), implicit wanting sweet foods (29), preferences for sweet foods (28,(30)(31)(32) or sweetness concentrations (20), and intake of sweet foods (19,(28)(29)(30).…”

Section: Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Sweet taste exposure and the subsequent acceptance and preference for sweet taste in the diet: systematic review of the published literature

Appleton

Tuorila

Bertenshaw

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: There are consistent, evidence-based global public health recommendations to reduce intakes of free sugars. However, the corresponding evidence for recommending reduced exposure to sweetness is less clear. Objective: Our aim was to identify and review the published evidence investigating the impact of dietary exposure to sweet-tasting foods or beverages on the subsequent generalized acceptance, preference, or choice of sweet foods and beverages in the diet. Design: Systematic searches were conducted to identify all studies testing relations of variation in exposure to sweetness through foods and beverages with subsequent variation in the generalized acceptance, preference, or choice of sweetened foods or beverages, in humans aged >6 mo. Results: Twenty-one studies met our inclusion criteria, comprising 7 population cohort studies involving 2320 children and 14 controlled trials involving 1113 individuals. These studies were heterogeneous in study design, population, exposure, and outcomes measured, and few were explicitly designed to address our research question. The findings from these were inconsistent. We found equivocal evidence from population cohort studies. The evidence from controlled studies suggests that a higher sweet taste exposure tends to lead to reduced preferences for sweetness in the shorter term, but very limited effects were found in the longer term. Conclusions: A small and heterogeneous body of research currently has considered the impact of varying exposure to sweet taste on subsequent generalized sweet taste preferences, and this evidence is equivocal regarding the presence and possible direction of a relation. Future work should focus on adequately powered studies with wellcharacterized exposures of sufficient duration. This review was registered with PROSPERO as CRD42016051840, 24 November 2016. Am J Clin Nutr 2018107:405-419.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Of Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sweet taste exposure and the subsequent acceptance and preference for sweet taste in the diet: systematic review of the published literature

Appleton

Tuorila

Bertenshaw

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…More positive comments were made about the restricted snack (visible but inaccessible) and, with restrictions lifted, children ate more of it (Fisher and Birch 1999). Such impacts extend beyond the food of interest, as restriction of one desired food (chocolate) can increase children's desire for other highly sweetened foods (Ogden et al 2013). And the effects on children are not only immediate: a high level of restriction imposed at age five predicts girls' EAH at ages seven and nine (Birch et al 2003).…”

Section: Parenting Practices: Restricting Children's Consumption Of Umentioning

confidence: 99%

All in the Family? Parental Roles in the Epidemic of Childhood Obesity

2016

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Childhood obesity is a serious global health challenge. Families and consumption are at the nexus of the problem, as childhood weight issues depend significantly on family-related influences (genetic predispositions, physical activities, and household food consumption practices). This article focuses on how a family socializes a child toward or away from obesity. It advances a family consumer socialization framework to characterize key elements and processes.Biological predispositions, parent/family inputs, elements of child development, parent-child interactions, and intergenerational transfer are all major contributors to weight status and life course potentials. Time is also a crucial component, here represented in two forms --linear and cyclical. Drawing on extensive research from other disciplines and related consumer research, five "Foundational Properties" are distilled, representing fundamental tenets underpinning the family's role in this problem. Each property is then used to chart promising opportunities for consumer researchers and others interested in advancing knowledge on this pressing concern.

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An examination of children's eating behaviours as mediators of the relationship between parents' feeding practices and early childhood body mass index z‐scores

Boswell

Byrne

Davies

2019

Obesity Science & Practice

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Summary Objective Parent's use of restrictive feeding practices is associated with child weight. Similarly, the literature shows that children's eating behaviours are also associated with child weight. Given this interrelationship between children's eating behaviours, restrictive feeding practices and child weight, examination of possible mediator relationships is warranted. This study aimed to examine the relationships between overt restriction and covert restriction with child body mass index z ‐scores (BMIz) and determine if children's eating behaviours (satiety responsiveness and food responsiveness) act as mediators. Method Parents of Australian children ( n = 977) 2.0–5.0 years of age (49.4% male) provided data in an online survey on child eating behaviours, parent's restrictive feeding practices and child anthropometrics (modified z ‐scores were created to screen for biologically implausible values). Correlation analysis was used to determine variables to include in mediation models. Hayes' PROCESS macros in spss was used to examine mediation, controlling for covariates of child BMIz. Results Overt restriction was the only parent feeding practice related to child BMIz ( B = 0.132, P = 0.04). Mediation analysis showed that the indirect effect of overt restriction on child BMIz (controlling for child age, gender, parent BMI and income) became non‐significant when controlling for food responsiveness, thus suggesting full mediation, explaining 5.75% of the relation. Conclusion Overt restriction and covert restriction have distinctly different relationships with children's eating behaviours. Food responsiveness appears an important intermediary in the relationship between overt restriction and child BMIz.

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Parental restriction and children’s diets. The chocolate coin and Easter egg experiments

Cited by 40 publications

References 21 publications

Sweet taste exposure and the subsequent acceptance and preference for sweet taste in the diet: systematic review of the published literature

Sweet taste exposure and the subsequent acceptance and preference for sweet taste in the diet: systematic review of the published literature

All in the Family? Parental Roles in the Epidemic of Childhood Obesity

An examination of children's eating behaviours as mediators of the relationship between parents' feeding practices and early childhood body mass index z‐scores

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