Parental recall, attachment relating and self‐attacking/self‐reassurance: Their relationship with depression

Irons, Chris; Gilbert, Paul; Baldwin, Mark W.; Baccus, Jodene R.; Palmer, Michelle

doi:10.1348/014466505x68230

Cited by 141 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Furthermore, early onset of excessive self-criticism predicts later psychological problems (Zuroff et al, 1994). In accordance with this, research by Irons et al (2006) found that self-criticism and selfreassurance were significant mediators of the link between recall of parenting (e.g., rejecting vs. warm) and depression in a student population. Self-critics may also do less well with standard therapies .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Having a word with yourself: Neural correlates of self-criticism and self-reassurance

et al. 2010

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Self-criticism is strongly correlated with a range of psychopathologies, such as depression, eating disorders and anxiety. In contrast, self-reassurance is inversely associated with such psychopathologies. Despite the importance of self-judgements and evaluations, little is known about the neurophysiology of these internal processes. The current study therefore used a novel fMRI task to investigate the neuronal correlates of selfcriticism and self-reassurance. Participants were presented statements describing two types of scenario, with the instruction to either imagine being self-critical or self-reassuring in that situation. One scenario type focused on a personal setback, mistake or failure, which would elicit negative emotions, whilst the second was of a matched neutral event. Self-criticism was associated with activity in lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions and dorsal anterior cingulate (dAC), therefore linking self-critical thinking to error processing and resolution, and also behavioural inhibition. Self-reassurance was associated with left temporal pole and insula activation, suggesting that efforts to be self-reassuring engage similar regions to expressing compassion and empathy towards others. Additionally, we found a dorsal/ventral PFC divide between an individual's tendency to be self-critical or self-reassuring. Using multiple regression analyses, dorsolateral PFC activity was positively correlated with high levels of self-criticism (assessed via self-report measure), suggesting greater error processing and behavioural inhibition in such individuals. Ventrolateral PFC activity was positively correlated with high self-reassurance. Our findings may have implications for the neural basis of a range of mood disorders that are characterised by a preoccupation with personal mistakes and failures, and a self-critical response to such events.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Having a word with yourself: Neural correlates of self-criticism and self-reassurance

et al. 2010

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“…In an early study of 197 students, Irons et al [62] explored recall of early parenting of rejection vs warmth, in relation to self-criticism and self-reassurance and their impact on depression. There were two unique and separable paths.…”

Section: From This Definition Neffmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of compassionate engagement and action scales for self and others

Gilbert

Catarino

Duarte

et al. 2017

J of Compassionate Health Care

288

345

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Background: Studies of the value of compassion on physical and mental health and social relationships have proliferated in the last 25 years. Although, there are several conceptualisations and measures of compassion, this study develops three new measures of compassion competencies derived from an evolutionary, motivational approach. The scales assess 1. the compassion we experience for others, 2. the compassion we experience from others, and 3. self-compassion based on a standard definition of compassion as a 'sensitivity to suffering in self and others with a commitment to try to alleviate and prevent it'. We explored these in relationship to other compassion scales, self-criticism, depression, anxiety, stress and well-being. Methods: Participants from three different countries (UK, Portugal and USA) completed a range of scales including compassion for others, self-compassion, self-criticism, shame, depression, anxiety and stress with the newly developed 'The Compassionate Engagement and Actions' scale.

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“…This could be the source of numerous psychological disorders, many related to attachment difficulties (Bowlby, 1969;Burnette, Taylor, Worthington, & Forsyth, 2007;Irons, Gilbert, Baldwin, Baccus, & Palmer, 2006;Mills, Arbeau, Lall, & De Jaeger, 2010;Perry et al, 1995;Pinto-Gouveia & Matos, 2011;Porges, 2007;Wang, 2005).…”

Section: The Threat Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lack of secure attachment experiences early in life is also one of the most common causes of psychopathology (e.g., Burnette et al, 2007;Gilbert, 2005Gilbert, , 2010Irons et al, 2006;Mills et al, 2010;Perry et al, 1995;Schore, 2001Schore, , 2009, affects or suppresses compassionate caregiving behavior (Mikulincer et al, 2005), enhances angry rumination, and reduces forgiveness (Burnette et al, 2007). Highly threatening environments (with frequent and intense activation of the SRS) can also shift life history strategies toward the fast end of the life history spectrum (Del Giudice, in press; Del Giudice & Ellis, in press; Del Giudice et al, 2011Ellis et al, 2013;Glenn et al, 2011).…”

Section: The Soothing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolutionary roots of psychopathy

Silva

Rijo

Salekin

2015

Aggression and Violent Behavior

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There is a growing interest in the study of psychopathic traits from an evolutionary framework; however, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews regarding this issue. To address this gap in the literature, the current paper examines the evolutionary roots of psychopathy by reviewing previous research on this topic. Specifically, the potentially adaptive role of psychopathic traits during human evolution through the lifespan is highlighted. Key areas covered include the evolution of the brain ("old brain, new brain" and the emotion-logic lag), emotion regulation, aggression and its potential adaptive function, and emotions specific to psychopathy including anger and shame/dishonor. This paper (mainly in the light of the Adaptive Calibration Model) discusses how psychopathic features can be seen as a useful heritage, especially for people who have grown in harsh psychosocial backgrounds. The implications of an evolutionary approach for the comprehension and treatment of children, youth, and adults with psychopathic traits are suggested, along with directions for future research.

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Parental recall, attachment relating and self‐attacking/self‐reassurance: Their relationship with depression

Cited by 141 publications

References 36 publications

Having a word with yourself: Neural correlates of self-criticism and self-reassurance

Having a word with yourself: Neural correlates of self-criticism and self-reassurance

The development of compassionate engagement and action scales for self and others

The evolutionary roots of psychopathy

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