Parental PTSD and school performance in 16-year-olds – a Swedish national cohort study

Berg, Lisa; Charboti, Susanna; Montgomery, Edith; Hjern, Anders

doi:10.1080/08039488.2019.1620852

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…The consequences of parental posttraumatic stress on adolescents’ school performance were smaller than expected with regard to findings from previous Swedish research on the intergenerational educational consequences of PTSD in the general Swedish‐born population (Berg et al., 2019). Berg et al.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…Considering the substantial literature on the intergenerational consequences of psychological trauma, the knowledge gap regarding how the consequences of parents' traumatic experiences may affect the educational achievement of their children is somewhat surprising. In a single study on this topic, Berg et al (2019) demonstrated higher levels of school failure in a national cohort of native and immigrant children of parents diagnosed with PTSD and/or depression in specialist care, with effects ranging from 0.46 to 0.50 standard deviations from mean grade point averages in children with Swedish-born parents and effects ranging from 0.30 to 0.37 standard deviations in Swedishborn children of parents born in a country from which many refugees originate. Berg and colleagues demonstrated that the impact of posttraumatic stress alone on school performance was elevated relative to parental depression alone and similar to the combination of PTSD and depression.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Parental Posttraumatic Stress and School Performance in Refugee Children

Berg

Brendler-Lindquist²,

Montgomery

et al. 2021

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Refugee children in the Nordic countries have been reported to perform poorly in school and carry a high burden of familial posttraumatic stress. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of maternal and paternal posttraumatic stress on the school performance of refugee children. We used national register data on school grades at age 15-16 along with demographic and migration indicators during 2011-2017 in a population of 18,831 children in refugee families in Stockholm County, Sweden. Parental posttraumatic stress was identified in regional data from three levels of care, including a tertiary treatment center for victims of torture and war. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were fitted to analyze (a) mean grade point averages as Z scores and (b) eligibility for upper secondary school. In fully adjusted models, children exposed to paternal posttraumatic stress had a lower mean grade point average, SD = −0.14, 95% CI [−0.22, −0.07], and higher odds of not being eligible for upper secondary education, OR = 1.37, 95% CI [1.14, 1.65]. Maternal posttraumatic stress had a similar crude effect on school performance, SD = −0.15, 95% CI [−0.22, −0.07], OR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.00, 1.55], which was attenuated after adjusting for single-parent households and the use of child psychiatric services. The effects were similar for boys and girls as well as for different levels of care. Parental posttraumatic stress had a small negative effect on school performance in refugee children, adding to the intergenerational consequences of psychological trauma.The number of refugees worldwide has grown gradually during the last decade, reaching almost 80,000,000 globally by the end of 2019, half of whom are children (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2019). In the European Union, approximately 800,000 children applied for asylum between 2015 and 2017, with Sweden emerging as one of the countries with the highest numbers per capita (World Health Organization [WHO], 2018). Education plays a key role for childrenThe authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Posttraumatic Stress and School Performance in Refugee Children

Berg

Brendler-Lindquist²,

Montgomery

et al. 2021

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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“…We included O-fT1D as an unexposed reference group, thereby adjusting for any potentially shared genes for diabetes and impaired school performance. Also, having a parent suffering from a serious chronic disease like diabetes may in itself cause familial stress and be detrimental to school performance [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

School performance in Danish children exposed to maternal type 1 diabetes in utero: A nationwide retrospective cohort study

et al. 2022

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Background Conflicting results have been reported concerning possible adverse effects on the cognitive function of offspring of mothers with type 1 diabetes (O-mT1D). Previous studies have included offspring of parents from the background population (O-BP), but not offspring of fathers with type 1 diabetes (O-fT1D) as the unexposed reference group. Methods and findings This is a population-based retrospective cohort study from 2010 to 2016. Nationally standardized school test scores (range, 1 to 100) were obtained for public school grades 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 in O-mT1D and compared with those in O-fT1D and O-BP. Of the 622,073 included children, 2,144 were O-mT1D, and 3,474 were O-fT1D. Multiple linear regression models were used to compare outcomes, including the covariates offspring with type 1 diabetes, parity, number of siblings, offspring sex, smoking during pregnancy, parental age, and socioeconomic factors. Mean test scores were 54.2 (standard deviation, SD 24.8) in O-mT1D, 54.4 (SD 24.8) in O-fT1D, and 56.4 (SD 24.7) in O-BP. In adjusted analyses, the mean differences in test scores were −1.59 (95% CI −2.48 to −0.71, p < 0.001) between O-mT1D and O-BP and −0.78 (95% CI −1.48 to −0.08, p = 0.03) between O-fT1D and O-BP. No significant difference in the adjusted mean test scores was found between O-mT1D and O-fT1D (p = 0.16). The study’s limitation was no access to measures of glycemic control during pregnancy. Conclusions O-mT1D achieved lower test scores than O-BP but similar test scores compared with O-fT1D. Glycemic control during pregnancy is essential to prevent various adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes. However, the present study reduces previous concerns regarding adverse effects of in utero hyperglycemia on offspring cognitive function.

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“…Children of parents affected by PTSD are vulnerable in several ways. A Nordic study showed that parental PTSD had major consequences for their children's school performance with lower grades than their peers [84]. For the child, the emotional accessibility of the parent is important.…”

Section: Traumatic Life Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenting stress and its correlates in an infant mental health unit: a cross-sectional study

Tedgård

Råstam

et al. 2019

Nordic Journal of Psychiatry

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Background: An infant's development is closely linked to the relationship they have with their parents. Parenting stress, affective disorder, and an upbringing with substance-abusing parents can affect parenting quality and increase the risk of children developing behavioral, mental and social problems. The overall aim of the study was to investigate how parents of children attending an outpatient Infant Mental Health (IMH) unit rate their own psychological health and parenting stress, and to explore predictors of parenting stress. Methods: The sample comprised 197 parents, 129 mothers and 68 fathers, referred with their infant/ toddler to an outpatient IMH unit for interplay treatment. On admission, the parents completed selfreport questionnaires concerning their own mental health problems and parenting stress. Results: The mothers reported significantly more psychiatric symptoms and parenting stress than the fathers. Fathers with substance-abusing parents had often experienced divorce in the family of origin, had a low level of education, and had often experienced trauma. Depression was a predictor for parenting stress for both mothers and fathers. Conclusion:The parents' situation was strained, presenting a variety of psychiatric symptoms and high levels of parenting stress, making assessment of parental health before starting treatment important. The mothers' situations were more serious compared with the fathers', and for both parents depression was a significant predictor for parenting stress. To increase the chances of a positive treatment outcome for the child, both parents should be included in the treatment.

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Parental PTSD and school performance in 16-year-olds – a Swedish national cohort study

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Parental Posttraumatic Stress and School Performance in Refugee Children

Parental Posttraumatic Stress and School Performance in Refugee Children

School performance in Danish children exposed to maternal type 1 diabetes in utero: A nationwide retrospective cohort study

Parenting stress and its correlates in an infant mental health unit: a cross-sectional study

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