Parental problems, case plan requirements, and service targeting in child welfare reunification

D'Andrade, Amy; Chambers, Ruth

doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.07.008

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The practice implications of this finding suggest the need for a comprehensive socioeconomic assessment of family needs, reunification decision‐making that accounts for total risks and risk reduction more than specific problems, and service provision flexibility that permits workers to address the most malleable risks. Typically, case plans are developed to address a large range of problems, at times involving more services than are appropriate to the needs of the parent (D'Andrade and Chambers, ) and which do not focus specifically on SUD treatment and SES services. Brook and McDonald () elucidated case plans for parents with SUDs, which, on average, included nine weekly hours of SUD treatment, five weekly hours of employment services, five weekly hours of case management services, two weekly hours of parent training, and one to four weekly hours of other services, such as domestic violence and trauma counselling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brook and McDonald () elucidated case plans for parents with SUDs, which, on average, included nine weekly hours of SUD treatment, five weekly hours of employment services, five weekly hours of case management services, two weekly hours of parent training, and one to four weekly hours of other services, such as domestic violence and trauma counselling. D'Andrade and Chambers () studied the services needed and services ordered for 139 child welfare‐involved parents, 95 per cent of whom were mothers. Parents with SUDs had the highest numbers of weekly services required, over twice the rates of participants with domestic violence, mental health problems, or both domestic violence and mental health problems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that mothers with SUDs in the CWS are burdened by many socioeconomic risks (D'Andrade and Chambers, ) is important to consider in light of the findings from the addictions literature. Given that SES risks bode poorly for treatment completion, it is unsurprising that prior research finds low numbers of CWS‐involved mothers completing treatment.…”

Section: Empirical Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because SUD is a health disorder (Leshner, ; Volkow and Fowler, ) and the population under study is characterised by multiple, overlapping social vulnerabilities (i.e. women with high levels of poverty) (D'Andrade and Chambers, ), the current study relies on the intersectional social determinants of a health framework (Bowleg, ) to inform its inquiry into the effect of poverty on foster care exits to reunification. Application of this framework has not yet occurred in this area of scholarship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poverty and Family Reunification for Mothers with Substance Use Disorders in Child Welfare

Lloyd

2018

Child Abuse Review

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Although prior research has established that maternal substance use disorders (SUDs) are associated with poor foster care outcomes, few earlier studies have sought to differentiate between families with maternal SUDs who reunify and those who do not reunify. This study applied the intersectional social determinants of a health framework to examine the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) risks on the likelihood of reunification for 325 mothers with SUDs and their children in foster care. Multivariate Cox regression models assessed four SES risk factors separately and cumulatively: single parent; income less than $15 000; unemployment; and severe housing issues. The study results reveal that none of the SES factors alone reduced the chances of reunification, but did so in combination. Compared to cases with one risk, cases with three risks were 39.1 per cent less likely to reunify and four‐risk cases were 49.3 per cent less likely to reunify. Cases with zero, one and two risks did not significantly differ. The primary implication of this study is that families with maternal SUDs in child welfare are a heterogeneous group whereby reunification depends on SES risk severity. In practice, these findings suggest that improving reunification for families with maternal SUDs may be aided by reducing the total number of socioeconomic risk factors, rather than eliminating specific risks. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Messages Families affected by parental SUDs in child welfare are a heterogeneous group whose outcomes vary based on the severity of socioeconomic risk. Mothers with SUDs in child welfare are significantly worse off socioeconomically compared to fathers with SUDs. The impact of SES on reunification outcomes depends on the accumulation of risk, rather than individual factors. Substance abuse treatment must be augmented with efforts to reduce the cumulative SES burden on families.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Empirical Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poverty and Family Reunification for Mothers with Substance Use Disorders in Child Welfare

Lloyd

2018

Child Abuse Review

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“…Although approximately 50% of children nationally leave the foster care system through reunification with their parents, reunification often is not successful (D'Andrade & Chambers, 2012). Nationally, nearly 30% of reunified children return to foster care within 10 years, with the majority of children reentering within the first year of reunification (Wulczyn, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a video feedback parent training program during child welfare visitation

Nese

Anderson

Ruppert

et al. 2016

Children and Youth Services Review

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Behavioral parent training programs have documented efficacy for improving behaviors among parents and their children and are frequently used by child welfare agencies to prevent removal of a child from the parental home or to facilitate reunification. Although an ideal time for parent training might be during supervised visits where parents may practice skills with their children under the guidance and support of a therapist or caseworker, this is not typically the case. Most often, parents within the child welfare system receive parent training in small groups without their children present, and to date, few studies have examined effects of behavioral parent training interventions during supervised visitation. In this study, concurrent multiple baseline across behaviors design was used to examine effects of a behavioral parent training program, Filming Interactions to Nurture Development (FIND), on parental skill acquisition with four mothers who had lost custody of their children but were being considered for reunification. Children emitted little or no problem behaviors during baseline or intervention, so parenting behavior was the primary dependent variable. Results obtained across participants documented a clear functional relation between implementation of the FIND intervention and increases in developmentally supportive parenting behaviors. Results of social validity and contextual fit measures suggest the intervention was perceived by mothers to be positive, feasible, and appropriate within the child welfare context. Practical and conceptual implications, limitations of this study, and directions for future research are discussed.

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Family Preservation and Reunification Programs

Lloyd

2020

The Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Development

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Families come to the attention of child protective services due to a variety of problems threatening child safety, ranging from distinct and resolvable crises to chronic family dysfunction. The three primary aims of the child welfare system (CWS) are to ensure child safety, well‐being, and permanency. To achieve these aims, CWS agencies employ a spectrum of interventions that fall into two general categories: family preservation and reunification. At the simplest level, family preservation services seek to prevent child removal, while reunification programs seek to return children to their families of origin. This entry discusses the policy context and definitions of each approach and reviews the literature on best practices.

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Parental problems, case plan requirements, and service targeting in child welfare reunification

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

Poverty and Family Reunification for Mothers with Substance Use Disorders in Child Welfare

Poverty and Family Reunification for Mothers with Substance Use Disorders in Child Welfare

Effects of a video feedback parent training program during child welfare visitation

Family Preservation and Reunification Programs

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