Parental Job Loss and Early Child Development in the Great Recession

Mari, Gabriele; Keizer, Renske

doi:10.1111/cdev.13517

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(181 reference statements)

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“…Firstly, for the prenatal stress assessment we just assessed pregnancy-related anxiety and did not include other modes of prenatal stress (e.g. life events, depression) or stress at postpartum; these forms of stress, which also predict child behavioral and emotional development, were therefore not controlled during our analysis [49,50]. Secondly, our data showed that hyperactivity is more common among males (male:female = 19.4:13.2%; P < 0.05) and we cannot rule out the possibility that there is more scope to detect associations between pregnancy-related anxiety and hyperactivity in males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-Specific Associations of Pregnancy-Related Anxiety with Placental Epigenetic Patterning of Glucocorticoid Response Genes and Preschooler’s Emotional Symptoms and Hyperactivity

Liu

Huang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Backgroud: We have recently reported that maternal prenatal pregnancy-related anxiety predicts preschoolers’ emotional and behavioral development in a gender-dependent manner. This study aims to test for this gender-specific effect in a different cohort and investigate whether the gender difference was specific to placental methylation of genes regulating glucocorticoids.Methods: A total of 2405 mother–child pairs from the Ma’anshan Birth Cohort Study were included in present study. The maternal pregnancy-related anxiety symptoms were evaluated with the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire in the third trimester of pregnancy. Child neurobehavior was assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at 4 years old. Placental methylation of FKBP5, NR3C1 and HSD11B2 genes was quantified using the MethylTarget approach in 439 pregnant women. After exploratory factor analysis, the associations between methylation factor scores and pregnancy-related anxiety and child neurobehavior were examined using logistic regression analysis.Results: After controlling for confounding factors, pregnancy-related anxiety in the third trimester of pregnancy increased the risk of hyperactivity only in boys and emotional symptoms only in girls. Decreased scores of the factor characterized by FKBP5 methylation were associated with maternal pregnancy-related anxiety only in boys. Furthermore, increased scores of the factors characterized by NR3C1 and HSD11B2 methylation were associated with hyperactivity (NR3C1: adjusted OR = 1.80, 95 %CI = 1.15–2.83) and emotional symptoms (HSD11B2: adjusted OR = 0.53, 95 %CI = 0.29–0.97; NR3C1: adjusted OR = 1.64, 95 %CI = 1.03–2.59) only in boys. However, the scores of the factor characterized by FKBP5、NR3C1 and HSD11B2 did not mediate the relationship between maternal pregnancy-related anxiety and preschoolers’ emotional symptoms and hyperactivity.Conclusions: Our results suggested that pregnancy-related anxiety in the third trimester of pregnancy predicted preschoolers’ emotional symptoms and hyperactivity in a gender-dependent manner. Although we did not find the mediation role of the placental methylation of genes regulating glucocorticoids, we found it was associated with both maternal pregnancy-related anxiety and preschoolers’ emotional symptoms and hyperactivity in a gender-dependent manner.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-Specific Associations of Pregnancy-Related Anxiety with Placental Epigenetic Patterning of Glucocorticoid Response Genes and Preschooler’s Emotional Symptoms and Hyperactivity

Liu

Huang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Simultaneously parents may be less supportive and engage in children's homework and school-related activities. Mari and Keizer (2021) and Hill, Morris, Castells, and Walker (2011) also argued a similar concern about the linkage between parents' job loss and child development. Results show that income loss of parents triggers depression, and it leads to negative maternal parenting, which resulted in problem behaviour in children and reduced verbal ability during the early childhood period.…”

Section: The State Of Unemploymentmentioning

confidence: 96%

Women and children's well-being in Indian nuclear families during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021

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The culture of living in a nuclear family setting, a norm of modernisation, has been badly shaken by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This hit has created many pauses and changes in women's lives who live in nuclear families with the responsibility of taking care of very young children. Despite the various discussions related to women during the pandemic, there seem to be negligible efforts to understand the lived reality of nuclear family women having the responsibility of child care. The idea of living in this type of family is based on the thinking that it provides ample opportunity to develop individual talents and lead an unrestricted life. However, it can have a very adverse effect on women and children during the pandemic due to the closure of essential support systems such as child care centres and schools. Thus, this situation has a negative effect on the lives of women, which in turn, affects their young children's lives too. This study explored the lived experiences of a purposively selected sample of six women regarding challenges to deal with an office job, domestic work, and child care during the ongoing pandemic. Data were generated by conducting the telephonic semi-structured interview and thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results indicate the curtailment of freedom and choices, adverse impact on the mental and physical health of women and their children.

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“…Income support for parents who need to take time away from work to care for their children has been identified as a policy solution to help parents balance care responsibilities during school and childcare center closures while maintaining income security and employment ( Gromada et al, 2020 ; Mizumoto et al, 2013 ; Zheteyeva et al, 2017 ). Ensuring economic stability for families, especially those already living month to month, and preventing parental job loss, particularly during times of economic downturn, matters to children’s health and educational outcomes in the short and long-term ( Gregg et al, 2012 ; Mari and Keizer, 2021 ; Ruiz-Valenzuela, 2020 ; Sigurdsen et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Income Support During Absences From Work As a Policy Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing national action through emergency paid leave to mitigate the impact of COVID-19-related school closures on working families in 182 countries

Raub

Heymann

2022

Global Social Policy

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In April 2020, nearly 1.6 billion learners were out of school. While a growing body of literature has documented the detrimental impact of these closures on children, less attention has been devoted to the steps countries took to mitigate the impact of these closures on working families. Paid leave is recognized as an important policy tool to enable working parents the time they need to respond to family needs without risking job or income loss. This article uses a novel data set to assess whether countries had policies in place prior to the pandemic to respond to increased care needs and the extent to which policies were introduced or expanded during the pandemic to fill the gap. Only 48 countries had policies in place prior to the pandemic that could be used to respond to the care needs created by school and childcare center closures. In the vast majority of these countries, the duration of leave in these policies was too short to meet the care needs of the pandemic or relied on parents reserving extended parental leave options. Only 36 countries passed new legislation during the pandemic, but the majority of those that did covered the full duration of closures. As countries continue to face COVID-19 and consider how to better prepare for the next pandemic, emergency childcare paid leave policies should be part of pandemic preparedness frameworks to prevent further exacerbating inequalities. The policies introduced during the pandemic offer a wide range of approaches for countries to identify feasible solutions.

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Parental Job Loss and Early Child Development in the Great Recession

Cited by 16 publications

References 82 publications

Gender-Specific Associations of Pregnancy-Related Anxiety with Placental Epigenetic Patterning of Glucocorticoid Response Genes and Preschooler’s Emotional Symptoms and Hyperactivity

Gender-Specific Associations of Pregnancy-Related Anxiety with Placental Epigenetic Patterning of Glucocorticoid Response Genes and Preschooler’s Emotional Symptoms and Hyperactivity

Women and children's well-being in Indian nuclear families during the COVID-19 pandemic

Assessing national action through emergency paid leave to mitigate the impact of COVID-19-related school closures on working families in 182 countries

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