Parental influences on salt adaptive divergence of Sonneratia apetala (Buch.-Ham.) seedlings along the salinity gradient in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh
“…Since the saline conditions in Sundarbans fluctuate, the physical environmental conditions in LS, MS and HS of the Sundarbans are different (Nasrin et al, 2019). But, S. apetala grows everywhere in the Sundarbans and exhibits wide spectrum of salt adaptive variability (Nasrin et al, 2021). To determine the reason, the genetic diversity of the species flourishing in LS, MS and HS of Sundarbans was studied.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bangladesh started coastal afforestation program in 1966, and since then, S. apetala has been the principal mangrove planting species in those coastal plantations (Siddiqi, 2001;Nasrin et al, 2021). In the coastal areas of Bangladesh, salinity is increasing owing to sea level rise (Alam et al, 2018a, b).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Again, the seeds of S. apetala produced in the MS and HS germinate faster and farther vigorously at higher salinities than such of LS (Nasrin et al, 2020). Moreover, the seedlings of the species produced in the MS and HS grow satisfactorily at high salinities compared with such of LS (Nasrin et al, 2021). Therefore, there exists adaptive variability in S. apetala that is thriving in the different saline zones of Sundarbans (Nasrin et al, 2021).…”
Section: Original Article Life Sciencementioning
confidence: 93%
“…Moreover, the seedlings of the species produced in the MS and HS grow satisfactorily at high salinities compared with such of LS (Nasrin et al, 2021). Therefore, there exists adaptive variability in S. apetala that is thriving in the different saline zones of Sundarbans (Nasrin et al, 2021). Alam et al (2018a, b) and Alam et al (2019) in their several studies found that A. officinalis thriving in MS and HS is physiologically, morphologically and anatomically better salt adaptive that such of LS in the Sundarbans.…”
Sundarbans is the single largest tract of natural mangrove forest in the world, which is situated in the south western coast of Bangladesh. This forest defends the south-western coastal region of the country from natural calamities, like cyclones, flood, tidal surges, tsunami etc. Sundarbans is the natural habitat for many mangrove plants. Sonneratia apetala exists in the low saline zone (LS), medium saline zone (MS) and in the high saline zone (HS) as a pioneer tree species of the Sundarbans. Genetic variability of S. apetala in these three saline zones were examined through the adoption of RAPD-PCR molecular marker. The expected heterozygosity of S. apetala in MS and HS (0.75±0.05 and 0.76±0.06, respectively) was greater than that of LS (0.60±0.13). Again, the average gene diversity over loci of this species in the MS and HS (0.59±0.37 and 0.62±0.38, respectively) was greater than that of LS (0.51±0.32). The greater heterozygosity and genetic diversity of S. apetala establishing in the MS and HS are the causes of its higher salt adaptability than that of growing in the LS in the Sundarbans. Due to higher genetic diversity and salt adaptability, S. apetala could persist in the increasing salinities in the Sundarbans. Moreover, S. apetala seedlings derived from the MS and HS zones of the Sundarbans can be planted in the high saline substrates in the coastal regions of Bangladesh, hence got added advantages for the coastal afforestation programs of Bangladesh.
“…Since the saline conditions in Sundarbans fluctuate, the physical environmental conditions in LS, MS and HS of the Sundarbans are different (Nasrin et al, 2019). But, S. apetala grows everywhere in the Sundarbans and exhibits wide spectrum of salt adaptive variability (Nasrin et al, 2021). To determine the reason, the genetic diversity of the species flourishing in LS, MS and HS of Sundarbans was studied.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bangladesh started coastal afforestation program in 1966, and since then, S. apetala has been the principal mangrove planting species in those coastal plantations (Siddiqi, 2001;Nasrin et al, 2021). In the coastal areas of Bangladesh, salinity is increasing owing to sea level rise (Alam et al, 2018a, b).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Again, the seeds of S. apetala produced in the MS and HS germinate faster and farther vigorously at higher salinities than such of LS (Nasrin et al, 2020). Moreover, the seedlings of the species produced in the MS and HS grow satisfactorily at high salinities compared with such of LS (Nasrin et al, 2021). Therefore, there exists adaptive variability in S. apetala that is thriving in the different saline zones of Sundarbans (Nasrin et al, 2021).…”
Section: Original Article Life Sciencementioning
confidence: 93%
“…Moreover, the seedlings of the species produced in the MS and HS grow satisfactorily at high salinities compared with such of LS (Nasrin et al, 2021). Therefore, there exists adaptive variability in S. apetala that is thriving in the different saline zones of Sundarbans (Nasrin et al, 2021). Alam et al (2018a, b) and Alam et al (2019) in their several studies found that A. officinalis thriving in MS and HS is physiologically, morphologically and anatomically better salt adaptive that such of LS in the Sundarbans.…”
Sundarbans is the single largest tract of natural mangrove forest in the world, which is situated in the south western coast of Bangladesh. This forest defends the south-western coastal region of the country from natural calamities, like cyclones, flood, tidal surges, tsunami etc. Sundarbans is the natural habitat for many mangrove plants. Sonneratia apetala exists in the low saline zone (LS), medium saline zone (MS) and in the high saline zone (HS) as a pioneer tree species of the Sundarbans. Genetic variability of S. apetala in these three saline zones were examined through the adoption of RAPD-PCR molecular marker. The expected heterozygosity of S. apetala in MS and HS (0.75±0.05 and 0.76±0.06, respectively) was greater than that of LS (0.60±0.13). Again, the average gene diversity over loci of this species in the MS and HS (0.59±0.37 and 0.62±0.38, respectively) was greater than that of LS (0.51±0.32). The greater heterozygosity and genetic diversity of S. apetala establishing in the MS and HS are the causes of its higher salt adaptability than that of growing in the LS in the Sundarbans. Due to higher genetic diversity and salt adaptability, S. apetala could persist in the increasing salinities in the Sundarbans. Moreover, S. apetala seedlings derived from the MS and HS zones of the Sundarbans can be planted in the high saline substrates in the coastal regions of Bangladesh, hence got added advantages for the coastal afforestation programs of Bangladesh.
“…Various biologically active compounds, including limonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, esters, phenols, lactones, aliphatic alcohols, amides, acids, aliphatic ketones, quinones, and benzodioxols, have been extracted from different parts of mangrove trees, such as bark, stems, leaves, fruits, and seeds (Parthiban et al, 2023) . The Sonneratia genus thrives continuously in coastal areas where land meets the sea, encountering difficulties like oxygen-deprived soil, increased salinity, and strong ultraviolet radiation throughout the year (Nasrin et al, 2021) . Sonneratia adapted to its environment and metabolism in unique ways to deal with these problems.…”
The increasing demand for effective and natural anti-inflammatory agents prompts an investigation into the properties of Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl., a plant traditionally used in medicine. This study aimed to explore the ability of S. caseolaris leaves extract to inhibit inflammation and accelerate wound healing. S. caseolaris leaves were collected from Tanjung Api-Api area, Banyuasin, South Sumatra. The method involved carrageenan induction in rat paws as an inflammatory model. The results showed that the most effective dose was found in the group with a dose of 150 mg/kg BW measured using a digital caliper and plethysmometer. The qualitative phytochemical test contain alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, and phenols. The results GC-MS analysis were thought to contain aldehydes, glucosinolates, coumarins, esters, terpenoids, alcohols, lipids, tocopherols, and steroids. Due to their diverse range of mechanisms of action, coumarins show significant promise in mitigating inflammation and hold potential for treating inflammatory conditions. This study provides new insights related to the potential of S. caseolaris as a source of natural anti-inflammatory agents, supporting public comprehension regarding the utilization of traditional herbal remedies.
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