Parental Influences on Children's Eating Behavior and Relative Weight

Klesges, Robert C.; Coates, Thomas J.; Brown, Guendoline; Sturgeon‐Tillisch, Janet; Moldenhauer‐Klesges, Lisa M.; Holzer, Barbara M.; Woolfrey, Joan; Vollmer, Jim

doi:10.1901/jaba.1983.16-371

Cited by 230 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

157

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In a cross-sectional study of 3-to 5-year-old children, Johnson et al 10 found that parents who reported using a high degree of control over what and how much their children ate had children who showed relatively little evidence of energy regulation. Similarly, among children who varied in age from 12 to 30 months, Klesges et al 16 found positive correlations between the children's relative weight and parental encouragement to eat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Several mechanisms have been proposed for this protective effect, including that breastfeeding may promote a balance of control in feeding across mother-infant pairs. 9,25 Experimental 9,10 and observational 16 studies suggest a role for maternal child feeding practices in shaping how much children eat and the extent to which children are responsive to internal appetite cues to control their food intake. In a cross-sectional study of 3-to 5-year-old children, Johnson et al 10 found that parents who reported using a high degree of control over what and how much their children ate had children who showed relatively little evidence of energy regulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 In some studies, mothers' pressure on their children to eat in the absence of hunger has been associated with disinhibited eating, 15 increased child energy intake, and body weight. 16,17 Three other studies, however, have failed to find an association between parental feeding behaviors and child weight status. [18][19][20] Additional studies with larger sample sizes and broad categories of covariates are needed to examine the role of parental control over children's eating habits.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Association of Breastfeeding With Maternal Control of Infant Feeding at Age 1 Year

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT.Objective. Previous studies have found that breastfeeding may protect infants against future overweight. One proposed mechanism is that breastfeeding, compared with bottle-feeding, may promote maternal feeding styles that are less controlling and more responsive to infant cues of hunger and satiety, thereby allowing infants greater self-regulation of energy intake. The objective of this study was to examine whether preponderance of breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life and breastfeeding duration are associated with less maternal restrictive behavior and less pressure to eat.Methods. We studied 1160 mother-infant pairs in Project Viva, an ongoing prospective cohort study of pregnant mothers and their children. The main outcome measures were mothers' reports of restricting their children's food intake and of pressuring their children to eat more food, as measured by a modified Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) at 1 year postpartum. Restriction was defined by strongly agreeing or agreeing with the following question from the modified CFQ: "I have to be careful not to feed my child too much." We derived a continuous pressure to eat score from 5 questions of the modified CFQ. We used multiple logistic regression to examine the association between preponderance of breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life, breastfeeding duration, and mothers' restriction of children's access to food. We used multiple linear regression, both before and after adjusting for several groups of confounders, to predict the effects of breastfeeding on the mothers' scores for pressuring their children to eat.Results. The mean (SD) age of the women was 32.4 (4.8) years; 24% of the women were nonwhite, and 32% were primigravidas. At 6 months postpartum, 24% of the mothers were exclusively breastfeeding, 25% were mixed feeding, 41% had weaned, and 10% had fed their infants formula only. The mean (SD) duration of breastfeeding was 6.3 (4.5) months. Thirteen percent of the mothers strongly agreed or agreed with the restriction question. The mean (SD) score on the pressure to eat scale was 5.3 (3.7), and the range was 0 to 20. After adjusting for mothers' preexisting concerns about their children's future eating and weight status, as well as sociodemographic, economic, and anthropometric predictors of breastfeeding duration, we found that the longer the mothers breastfed, the less likely they were to restrict their children's food intake at age 1 year. The adjusted odds ratio was 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84 -0.95) for each 1-month increment in breastfeeding duration. In addition, we found that compared with mothers who were exclusively formula feeding, mothers who were exclusively breastfeeding at 6 months of age had much lower odds of restricting their children's food intake at 1 year (odds ratio: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.10 -0.72 S everal recent studies suggest a protective effect of breastfeeding versus bottle-feeding of infants on future overweight. 1-7 Despite differences in methods, the studies are consistent in demonstrat...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Association of Breastfeeding With Maternal Control of Infant Feeding at Age 1 Year

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These studies almost uniformly report positive associations (e.g., Klesges et al, 1983), as do laboratory observations (Drucker, Hammer, Agras, & Bryson, 1999) and questionnaire studies (Spruijt-Metz et al, 2002). These studies, however, make no differentiation among prompts in terms of variation in parents' affective style and/or message content.…”

Section: Nih Public Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Just three more bites”: An observational analysis of parents’ socialization of children's eating at mealtime

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this study was to describe comprehensively the structure and process of the childhood mealtime environment. A socioeconomically-diverse sample of 142 families of kindergarteners (52% females) was observed at dinnertime using a focused-narrative observational system. Eighty-five percent of parents tried to get children to eat more, 83% of children ate more than they might otherwise have, with 38% eating moderately to substantially more. Boys were prompted to eat as often as girls and children were prompted to eat as many times in single-as in twoparent households. Children were very rarely restricted in their mealtime intake. High-SES parents used reasoning, praise, and food rewards significantly more often than low-SES families. Mothers used different strategies than fathers: fathers used pressure tactics with boys and mothers praised girls for eating. Future research should examine the meanings children ascribe to their parents' communications about food intake and how perceived parental messages influence the development of long-term dietary patterns. Interpreted alongside the evidence for children's energy self-regulation and the risk of disruption of these innate processes, it may be that parents are inadvertently socializing their children to eat past their internal hunger/satiety cues. These data reinforce current recommendations that parents should provide nutritious foods and children, not parents, should decide what and how much of these foods they eat.Correspondence Author: Joan K. Orrell-Valente, Ph.D. (preferred name as written here; hyphenated surname in bold), Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, 3333 California St, Box 0503, LH 245, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, ValenteJ@peds.ucsf.edu, Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. (Videon & Manning, 2003) and by consumption of foods high in fat and sugar (Coon, Goldberg, Rogers, & Tucker, 2001). In addition, several cross-sectional studies have suggested that the frequency of family meals is positively associated with consumption of healthier foods (e.g., Neumark-Sztainer, Hannan, Story, Croll, & Perry, 2003). Suggesting the need for further research, however, is a recent study that found no relation between frequency of family meals and 1-year incidence of becoming overweight (Tavares et al., 2005). NIH Public AccessParental strategies to control children's eating behaviors also may be related to children's energy intake and/or weight (Faith et al., 2004). Research has focused largely on two strategies: parental feeding restri...

show abstract

“…108 Children with improved self-regulation may better withstand the current food-surplus environment. 111 The second potential benefit relates to taste preference. [112][113][114][115][116] Both amniotic fluid and breast milk provide flavor exposure to the fetus and infant.…”

Section: Birth To 2 Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Recommendations for Children and Adolescents: A Guide for Practitioners

Gidding¹,

Dennison²,

Birch³

et al. 2006

Pediatrics

410

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since the American Heart Association last presented nutrition guidelines for children, significant changes have occurred in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and nutrition behaviors in children. Overweight has increased, whereas saturated fat and cholesterol intake have decreased, at least as percentage of total caloric intake. Better understanding of children's cardiovascular risk status and current diet is available from national survey data. New research on the efficacy of diet intervention in children has been published. Also, increasing attention has been paid to the importance of nutrition early in life, including the fetal milieu. This scientific statement summarizes current available information on cardiovascular nutrition in children and makes recommendations for both primordial and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease beginning at a young age.

show abstract

Parental Influences on Children's Eating Behavior and Relative Weight

Cited by 230 publications

References 14 publications

Association of Breastfeeding With Maternal Control of Infant Feeding at Age 1 Year

Association of Breastfeeding With Maternal Control of Infant Feeding at Age 1 Year

“Just three more bites”: An observational analysis of parents’ socialization of children's eating at mealtime

Dietary Recommendations for Children and Adolescents: A Guide for Practitioners

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About