Parental energy expenditure of the male three‐spined stickleback

Smith, Carl; Wootton, R. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1999.tb00866.x

Cited by 59 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Parental care can be energetically costly in threespine stickleback (Chellappa et al 1989;FitzGerald et al 1989;Dufresne et al 1990;Smith & Wootton 1999) and other fish (Coleman & Fischer 1991;Gillooly & Baylis 1999;Mackereth et al 1999;Skolbekken & Utne-Palm 2001), and these costs can differ among populations (Steinhart et al 2004) as we demonstrate here. Males from the benthic Willow and Big Beaver lake populations declined in condition more during the parental stage than did males from the limnetic Lynne Lake population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Reproductive costs, condition and carotenoid‐based colour in natural populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

Sparkes

Rush

Foster

2007

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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– Male threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, display an orange/red throat during the breeding season, which is carotenoid‐based colour. We examined the relationship between energy‐based costs of reproduction and colour in three lacustrine populations of threespine stickleback: two benthic (Willow and Big Beaver) and one limnetic (Lynne) ecotypes. In two lakes (Willow and Big Beaver) where benthic males defend nests against cannibalistic groups, males paid higher energy costs than in the third lake (Lynne) where cannibalistic groups are absent. We then examined colour variation within each population. Males from Lynne Lake did not change colour during the parental stage, whereas males from Willow and Big Beaver lakes became more intensely coloured. In addition, colour was typically independent of condition within stages. We propose that energy‐based reproductive costs could explain some of the observed variation in colour by altering the payoffs associated with signalling effort during current versus future reproduction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Reproductive costs, condition and carotenoid‐based colour in natural populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

Sparkes

Rush

Foster

2007

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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“…Van den Assem 1967;Belles-Isles & FitzGerald 1991;FitzGerald 1992;Frommen et al 2007;Mehlis et al 2009) and is more common late in the breeding season (Belles-Isles & FitzGerald 1991). In general, parental care is energetically costly (Smith & Wootton 1999) with more developed eggs needing more oxygen and, thus, care (Collins & Nelson 1993;Kamler et al 1998). Consequently, males lose body condition during the breeding cycle (Sargent 1985;Smith & Wootton 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, parental care is energetically costly (Smith & Wootton 1999) with more developed eggs needing more oxygen and, thus, care (Collins & Nelson 1993;Kamler et al 1998). Consequently, males lose body condition during the breeding cycle (Sargent 1985;Smith & Wootton 1999). Male sticklebacks to some extent compensate this loss of body condition by cannibalizing part of their eggs (Mehlis et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To eat or not to eat: egg-based assessment of paternity triggers fine-tuned decisions about filial cannibalism

et al. 2010

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Filial cannibalism occurs in many animal species ranging from insects to mammals, and is especially well described in teleost fishes. Numerous causes may lead to this behaviour, e.g. certainty of paternity. However, the cues males use to assess their paternity often remain unknown. One possible way to differentiate between own and foreign offspring is by using egg cues. Nevertheless, in egg-laying species, evidence for this is still scarce. In this study, male three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a fish with paternal care in which sneaking as well as filial cannibalism is common, were allowed to care for manipulated nests that contained different percentages of own fertilized eggs. After 7 days, embryo survival was determined. Furthermore, brood-caring as well as aggressive behaviour was measured daily. Clutches containing a higher proportion of foreign eggs were more likely to be completely cannibalized than clutches containing a lower proportion of foreign eggs, particularly when the clutch was laid early in the breeding season. However, the behavioural observations revealed no influence of paternity. The results show that paternity triggers filial cannibalism in sticklebacks and that males are able to evaluate their paternity using egg cues alone.

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“…In contrast to pipefish species with placenta-like structure and an active transfer of nutrients and oxygen to the embryo (e.g. S. typhle (Berglund et al, 1986; Smith and Wootton, 1999)), N. ophidion only provide partial parental investment. We thus expect a decrease in frequency of S. typhle males compared to N. ophidion males (Berglund and Rosenqvist, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of combining sex-specific life-history traits

Venkateswaran

Roth

Gokhale

2020

Preprint

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Males and females evolved distinct life-history strategies, reflected in diverse life-12 history traits, summarized as sexual dimorphism. Life-history traits are highly interlinked. 13 The sex that allocates more resources towards offspring is expected to increase its life 14 span, and this might require an efficient immune system. However, the other sex might 15 allocate its resources towards ornamentation, and this might have immunosuppressive 16 effects. Activity of immune response may not be specific to the sex that produces the 17 eggs but could correlate with the amount of parental investment given. Informed by 18 experimental data, we designed a theoretical framework that combines multiple life-19 history traits. We disentangled sex-biased life-history strategies from a particular sex to 20 include species with reversed sex-roles, and male parental investment. We computed the 21 lifetime reproductive success from the fitness components arising from diverse sex-biased 22 life-history traits, and observed a strong bias in adult sex ratio depending on sex-specific 23 resource allocation towards life-history traits. Overall, our work provides a generalized 24 method to combine various life-history traits with sex-specific differences to calculate the 25 lifetime reproductive success. This was used to explain certain empirical observations as 26 a consequence of sexual dimorphism in life-history traits. 27 28 lifetime reproductive success, adult sex ratio 29 life-history traits. Theoretical models assessing the interaction of multiple life-history traits are 33 thus crucial to understand organisms' overall life-history and how they impact fitness. Theoretical 34 and experimental studies have shown how multiple life-history traits define an individual's lifetime 35 reproductive success (MooreIn this study, we present a model that addresses the interaction of essential sex-specific life-history 39 traits aiming to obtain the lifetime reproductive success of both sexes. This sheds light on how these 40 traits are contributing to an individual's life-history. We further present the consequences of various 41 sex-specific strategies affecting an evolving population. 42Most life-history traits have sex-specific differences. Sex-specific life histories have evolved in 43 the animal kingdom as a consequence of difference in gamete size known as anisogamy (Bell, 44 1978); females contribute large costly eggs to reproduction and males small cheap sperm. The 45 distinct resource allocation into the offspring asks for sex-specific life-history strategies (Trivers, 46 we focus on the sex-specific differences in three life history traits namely 1. Parental investment 2. 48Ornamentation and 3. Immunocompetence 49In many species, parental investment is not restricted to sperm and egg production. Parental 50 investment (PI) is any behavioural and physiological investment by a parent provided to the off-51 spring (Trivers, 1972(Trivers, , 2002. The sex that needs to allocate more resources towards the offspring 52 strives...

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Parental energy expenditure of the male three‐spined stickleback

Cited by 59 publications

References 21 publications

Reproductive costs, condition and carotenoid‐based colour in natural populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

Reproductive costs, condition and carotenoid‐based colour in natural populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

To eat or not to eat: egg-based assessment of paternity triggers fine-tuned decisions about filial cannibalism

Consequences of combining sex-specific life-history traits

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