Parental education and inequalities in child mortality: a global systematic review and meta-analysis

Balaj, Mirza; York, Hunter; Sripada, Kam; Besnier, E; Vonen, Hanne Dahl; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y.; Friedman, Joseph; Griswold, Max; Jensen, Magnus Rom; Mohammad, Talal; Mullany, Erin C; Solhaug, S.B.; Sorensen, Reed J D; Stonkute, Donata; Tallaksen, Andreas; Whisnant, Joanna L; Zheng, Peng; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Eikemo, Terje Andreas

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00534-1

Cited by 108 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…This was the case for smoking, height and weight, and sporting activities, but also for educational level and occupational status. Some previous studies have reported that the impacts of mothers and fathers on adolescents’ health can be different [ 49 , 79 ]. Regarding the explanation of the inequalities in SRH by familial determinants, the relationship with the father [ 49 ] as well as the father’s support [ 23 ] were found to be particularly important.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic position and self-rated health among female and male adolescents: The role of familial determinants in explaining health inequalities. Results of the German KiGGS study

et al. 2022

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Objective Although health inequalities in adolescence are well documented, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Few studies have examined the role of the family in explaining the association between the family’s socioeconomic position and adolescents’ self-rated health. The current study aimed to explore whether the association between socioeconomic position and self-rated health was mediated by familial determinants. Methods Using data from wave 2 of the”German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents” (KiGGS) (1,838 female and 1,718 male 11- to 17-year-olds), linear regression analyses were conducted to decompose the total effects of income, education, occupational status, socioeconomic position index and adolescents’ subjective social status on self-rated health into direct effects and indirect effects through familial determinants (family cohesion, parental well-being, parental stress, parenting styles, parental obesity, smoking and sporting activity). Results A significant total effect of all socioeconomic position indicators on self-rated health was found, except for income in male adolescents. In female adolescents, more than 70% of the total effects of each socioeconomic position indicator were explained by familial mediators, whereas no significant direct effects remained. The most important mediator was parental well-being, followed by family cohesion, parental smoking and sporting activity. In male adolescents, the associations between income, parental education, the socioeconomic position index and subjective social status were also mediated by familial determinants (family cohesion, parental smoking, obesity and living in a single-mother family). However, a significant direct effect of subjective social status remained. Conclusion The analysis revealed how a family’s position of socioeconomic disadvantage can lead to poorer health in adolescents through different family practices. The family appears to play an important role in explaining health inequalities, particularly in female adolescents. Reducing health inequalities in adolescence requires policy interventions (macro-level), community-based strategies (meso-level) and programs to improve parenting and family functioning (micro-level).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic position and self-rated health among female and male adolescents: The role of familial determinants in explaining health inequalities. Results of the German KiGGS study

et al. 2022

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“…2014 [82]). Other studies still, find no significant association at all (Babic et al, 2017[83]; Baker and White, 2011 [84]; Bruggeman et al, 2019[85]; Leung, 2014[86]).…”

Section: Life Onlinementioning

confidence: 98%

Starting unequal

2022

OECD Papers on Well-Being and Inequalities

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The OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities Series -managed by the OECD Centre on Well-being, Inclusion, Sustainability and Equal Opportunity (WISE) -features working papers on the measurement agenda for well-being, inclusion, sustainability and equal opportunity as well as papers seeking to deepen the understanding of the drivers of these issues, the ways in which they interact and how they evolve. These papers are prepared by OECD staff, external experts or by outside consultants working on OECD projects.This series is designed to make available to a wider readership selected labour market, social policy and migration studies prepared for use within the OECD. Authorship is usually collective, but principal writers are named. The papers are generally available only in their original language -English or French -with a summary in the other. This paper is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and the arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.

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“…For instance, a 2021 global systematic review and meta-analysis highlighted that maternal education is a stronger predictor of child mortality than paternal education. 31 …”

Section: Specific Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%