Parental Care and Sociality

Viera, Carmen; Agnarsson, Ingi

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65717-2_13

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…2C). A fundamental phenotypic difference between social and nonsocial species is the extent of social interactions with conspecifics, which would have required increased behavioral tolerance towards conspecifics as an important preliminary change necessary for the evolution of cooperative group living in social spiders (35, 59, 60) and other animals (61). Furthermore, shifts in behavioral development and the timing of social behaviors, reproductive behavior, and dispersal behaviors, are also hypothesized to be critical in the evolution of sociality in spiders (30, 35) and insects (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic signatures of recent convergent transitions to social life in spiders

Tong¹,

Avilés²,

Rayor

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Sociality is a striking phenotypic innovation that independently evolved dozens of times across animals. Sociogenomic approaches have begun to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of social life in social insects and vertebrates, but the degree to which the convergent evolution of sociality involves convergent molecular evolution remains controversial and largely unknown. Spiders are a powerful system for identifying the genomic causes and consequences of social life because sociality is estimated to have independently evolved 15 times, and each origin likely occurred recently, within the past few million years. To determine if there are statistically supported genomic signatures of protein-coding sequence evolution associated with the convergent evolution of sociality in spiders, we compared the genomes or transcriptomes of 24 spider species that vary in social organization and represent at least seven independent origins of sociality. We identified hundreds of genes that experienced shifts in patterns of molecular evolution during the convergent evolution of sociality, and these genes were enriched for several annotated functions, including neural function, neurogenesis, and behavior, as well as immune function, growth, and metabolism. We also found evidence that directional selection for specific substitutions repeatedly occurred in social species for several genes, in particular the calcium channel gene TPC1. Finally, supporting previous results, we found elevated genome-wide rates of molecular evolution in social species, resulting mainly from relaxation of selection. Altogether, we identify genome-wide, genic, and site-specific changes that repeatedly occurred during the evolution of sociality in spiders.Significance StatementThe transition from solitary to social life is a major transition in evolution that repeatedly occurred, but the genetic underpinnings are largely unknown. To identify genomic changes associated with sociality, we compared the genomes of 24 spider species, representing seven recent and independent origins of sociality. We identified hundreds of genes and many functional classes of genes that tended to experience shifts in molecular evolution, including genes that have previously been implicated in animal social behavior and human behavioral disorders. Our study shows that while the precise genetic details vary, the repeated evolution of sociality in spiders predictably leaves genome-wide signatures and involves sets of genes with conserved functions that may play general roles in the evolution of social behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic signatures of recent convergent transitions to social life in spiders

Tong¹,

Avilés²,

Rayor

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Spider transitions toward cooperative sociality have occurred in lineages where there is construction of a web and where maternal care takes place beyond the first instar (Yip and Rayor, 2014;Avilés and Guevara, 2017;Viera and Agnarsson, 2017). Harsh habitats, i.e., where strong rains are common, are associated with extended families exhibiting cooperative breeding (Avilés et al, 2007).…”

Section: Sociality Buffers Against Harsh Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spiders, sociality through the subsocial route has been linked to habitats where predation pressure is especially salient due to a high diversity of predator species (Yip and Rayor, 2014;Viera and Agnarsson, 2017). Moreover, cooperative breeding in the genus Anelosimus has been linked to high probability of maternal death analogously to the "life insurers" in CPF (Viera and Agnarsson, 2017) (see section Assuring Care: Shared Provisioning). Sociality through the retention of mature offspring has evolved in lineages that already disposed of antipredator adaptations to biotic hazards through maternal care.…”

Section: Sociality Buffers Against Biotic Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalyzing Transitions to Sociality: Ecology Builds on Parental Care

Socias‐Martínez

Kappeler

2019

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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In the context of social evolution research, great emphasis on kin-selected benefits has led to an understanding of parental care as one of the activities that helpers can perform in extended cooperative families. Nevertheless, this perspective might have precluded a deeper understanding of the implications of parental care for social evolution. We argue that parental care is a broader set of processes playing a key role both before and during the emergence of sociality. The care system of a species may be understood as the result of long coevolutionary processes with environmental pressures during presocial stages that impact transitions to sociality. We evaluate the present framework against evidence on the evolution of parental care and transitions toward sociality in subsocial and parasocial vertebrate and invertebrate species. Moreover, following previous evidence for the importance of modes of foraging and resting, we structure our inquiry by classifying societies into three types. Our results suggest that in "central place foragers" and "fortress defenders", ecological factors promoting the evolution of parental care foster a set of coevolutionary feedback loops resulting in increases in parental effort and offspring needs. Offspring needs alone or in combination with limited breeding options enhance the relative benefits of positive social interactions, catalyzing transitions to sociality. In "itinerant foragers", sociality is associated with colonizing new niches. Changes in predation pressure entail changes in the modes of care or selection for certain types of care already present in solitary ancestors. Further changes in the form of collective defense may be needed for permanent sociality to evolve. We conclude that there is evidence that social transitions to different types of societies are the result of long coevolutionary processes between environmental pressures and the care systems in a wide variety of taxa. Therefore, advances in the study of the origins of sociality may require further investigation of parental care evolution in solitary ancestors of today's social species.

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“…Spiders are one of the most abundant and diverse groups of predators in agricultural fields, and exhibit a diversity of foraging, hunting, morphological and physiological traits that allow several closely related species to coexist (Viera and Gonzaga, 2017). These substantial evolutionary adaptations contribute to niche differentiation (Michalko et al, 2016) including the utilization of diverse prey.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota assemblages of generalist predators are driven by local- and landscape-scale factors

et al. 2023

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The gut microbiomes of arthropods have significant impact on key physiological functions such as nutrition, reproduction, behavior, and health. Spiders are diverse and numerically dominant predators in crop fields where they are potentially important regulators of pests. Harnessing spiders to control agricultural pests is likely to be supported by an understanding of their gut microbiomes, and the environmental drivers shaping microbiome assemblages. This study aimed to deciphering the gut microbiome assembly of these invertebrate predators and elucidating potential implications of key environmental constraints in this process. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing to examine for the first time how the assemblages of bacteria in the gut of spiders are shaped by environmental variables. Local drivers of microbiome composition were globally-relevant input use system (organic production vs. conventional practice), and crop identity (Chinese cabbage vs. cauliflower). Landscape-scale factors, proportion of forest and grassland, compositional diversity, and habitat edge density, also strongly affected gut microbiota. Specific bacterial taxa were enriched in gut of spiders sampled from different settings and seasons. These findings provide a comprehensive insight into composition and plasticity of spider gut microbiota. Understanding the temporal responses of specific microbiota could lead to innovative strategies development for boosting biological control services of predators.

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Parental Care and Sociality

Cited by 13 publications

References 125 publications

Genomic signatures of recent convergent transitions to social life in spiders

Genomic signatures of recent convergent transitions to social life in spiders

Catalyzing Transitions to Sociality: Ecology Builds on Parental Care

Gut microbiota assemblages of generalist predators are driven by local- and landscape-scale factors

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