Parental beliefs about young children’s socialization across US ethnic groups: coexistence of independence and interdependence

Chinese children’s justifications for sharing resources: why do we have to share?

“…Whereas the emphasis of harmony and relations in the Asian culture has contributed to the link between secure attachment and dependent behaviours between parent and children. The values of group harmony in the Asian cultures encourage children to conform to social norms, coordinate one's needs with the needs of others and dependency among family members (Chuang & Su, 2009;Suizzo et al, 2008;Wong & Nunes, 2003). These values might have encouraged Chinese children's sharing among peers in this study.…”

“…These values include social harmony, social obligation, propriety, respect of authority and benevolence that sacrificed individual needs for the sake of the needs of the group (Chuang & Su, 2009;Lew, Early Child Development and Care 1998;Ma, 1989;Rothbaum, Morelli, Pott, & Liu-Constant, 2000). Research on parental practices and beliefs about socialisation found that Chinese parents are more likely than the European and African Americans to value conformity with social norms (Suizzo et al, 2008). studied immigrant-Chinese and Euro-American parents' physical closeness with children.…”

Celebrating diversity in early care and education settings: moving beyond the margins

“…It is important to note that recent theorising and research about the individualismcollectivism framework has stressed that these two dimensions should not be viewed as dichotomous; that is, that particular cultures or ethnic groups cannot be uniformly characterised by either dimension, because it is the case that societies and individuals contain elements of each, in ways that are contextually relevant (Kagitcibasi, 2005;Miller, 2002;Suizzo et al, 2008). Notwithstanding this, empirical studies (with mostly college students) suggest that in terms of broad cultural values, the USA has an individualist or independent orientation, while many Asian, Latin American, African and Southern European countries have a more collectivist or interdependent orientation (see Oyserman, Coon, & Kemmelmeier, 2002).…”

The Social Development of Immigrant Children: A Focus on Asian and Hispanic Children in the United States

“…They endorse a value of " family as center, " indicating the importance of family and a strong emphasis on interdependence among family members (Chao & Tseng, 2002 ). Within the Asian American family, the interdependent construct of the self emphasizes people ' s relations with others within harmonious relationships (Suizzo et al, 2008 ), even among young children (Chao, 1995 ). There tends to be a strong focus on hierarchy in the family (favoring males).…”