Parental Aspirations for Children’s Education: Is There a “Girl Effect”? Experimental Evidence from Rural Ethiopia

Bernard, Tanguy; Dercon, Stefan; Orkin, Kate; Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum

doi:10.1257/pandp.20191072

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Perceptions about life are important in their own right in supporting people's mental well-being, but poor self-assessments and low aspirations also matter instrumentally, as they can lead to a sense of hopelessness materializing in less productive lives, and ultimately to further unrest (Swee, Zhan, and Powdthavee 2019). In the context of education, parents having higher educational aspirations for their children has been shown to increase enrollment, time spent in school, and schooling expenditures (Bernard et al 2019).…”

Section: Figure 24 Growth Is Negatively Correlated With Conflict Deamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragility and Conflict: On the Front Lines of the Fight against Poverty

Corral¹,

Irwin²,

Krishnan³

et al. 2020

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This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.

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Section: Figure 24 Growth Is Negatively Correlated With Conflict Deamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragility and Conflict: On the Front Lines of the Fight against Poverty

Corral¹,

Irwin²,

Krishnan³

et al. 2020

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“…"; 1 = Not at all, 5 = Completely). Anticipated social mobility-recipients' expectations for achieving a better socioeconomic future-has been found to promote futureoriented economic behaviors, including increased investment in business and in education (36). We assessed an adapted version of the MacArthur Subjective Social Status ladder, where recipients estimated where they would stand in 2 y (10-point scale) (37).…”

Section: Study 1: Experimental Impacts Of Aid Narratives On Recipientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a science of delivering aid with dignity: Experimental evidence and local forecasts from Kenya

Thomas

Otis

Abraham

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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How can governments and nonprofits design aid programs that afford dignity and facilitate beneficial outcomes for recipients? We conceptualize dignity as a state that manifests when the stigma associated with receiving aid is countered and recipients are empowered, both in culturally resonant ways. Yet materials from the largest cash transfer programs in Africa predominantly characterize recipients as needy and vulnerable. Three studies examined the causal effects of alternative aid narratives on cash transfer recipients and donors. In study 1, residents of low-income settlements in Nairobi, Kenya (N =565) received cash-based aid accompanied by a randomly assigned narrative: the default deficit-focused “Poverty Alleviation” narrative, an “Individual Empowerment” narrative, or a “Community Empowerment” narrative. They then chose whether to spend time building business skills or watching leisure videos. Both empowerment narratives improved self-efficacy and anticipated social mobility, but only the “Community Empowerment” narrative significantly motivated recipients’ choice to build skills and reduced stigma. Given the diverse settings in which aid is delivered, how can organizations quickly identify effective narratives in a context? We asked recipients to predict which narrative would best motivate skill-building in their community. In study 2, this “local forecasting” methodology outperformed participant evaluations and experimental pilots in accurately ranking treatments. Finally, study 3 confirmed that the narrative most effective for recipients did not undermine donors’ willingness to contribute to the program. Together these studies show that responding to recipients’ psychological and sociocultural realities in the design of aid can afford recipients dignity and help realize aid’s potential.

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“…ethnic Georgians belong to the Orthodox Christian church (Pew Research Center, May 10, 2017) 4 Metaphor is used in the broad sense of the term, as an equivalent to trope. Trope involves words or phrases used with a figurative meaning.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cultural analysis of discourse was chosen as the data analysis method, which means to reveal shared, stable understandings by analyzing the features of discourse that did occur frequently and are culture-laden (Quinn, 2005). For the present study, we have chosen metaphor 4 which is one of such features (Quinn, 2005).…”

Section: Data Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has revealed that fatalism can play an important role in determining a wide range of behaviors such as voting behavior (Goodwin & Allen, 2000), seeking social support (Goodwin, et al, 2002), health behaviors (Straughan & Seow, 1998) and even financial savings decisions (Shapiro & Wu, 2011). In economic science, fatalism is regarded as one of the impeding factors to capital investment (Bernard, Dercon, & Taffesse, 2011). In his book, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1905), the sociologist, philosopher, and political economist Max Weber emphasized the role of predestination (one of the basic concepts of Protestant ethics, specifically, Calvinism) beliefs in the formation of modern "economic human".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatalism â€“ Georgian Cultural Model

Chkhaidze

Chubinidze

Gegenava

2019

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Fatalism—belief that all events are predetermined and therefore inevitable—have been studied by researchers from different disciplines as it is a significant notion to explain various aspects of individual and social life (health behavior, economic capital, political activity, social participation, etc.). However, the weakness of using only etic methods to understand this complex phenomenon is strongly emphasized. We fully share this viewpoint and think that it is far more appropriate to study fatalism with an interdisciplinary approach such as Contemporary Psychological Anthropology. The aim of the present study was to emphasize the theoretical and methodological opportunities of studying fatalism within this field (specifically, within cultural models school) and presenting the results of the empirical study on the Georgian cultural model of fatalism in the light of the opportunities discussed. The theoretical apparatus of the cultural models' school allowed us to think of culturally shaped fatalism, not only as an element of objective culture beyond the mind but also as a part of the mind, namely, as a cognitive schema formed on the basis of shared experiences. To reveal components of this schema we used the in-depth interview as a data collection method and cultural analysis of discourse (specifically, metaphor analysis) as the data analysis method. Personal control, Deity, Destiny, Luck, and Helplessness emerged as the components of Georgian cultural schema according to this analysis. Keywords: Fatalism, Cultural Model, Emic Approach, Mutually Inclusive

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Parental Aspirations for Children’s Education: Is There a “Girl Effect”? Experimental Evidence from Rural Ethiopia

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

Fragility and Conflict: On the Front Lines of the Fight against Poverty

Fragility and Conflict: On the Front Lines of the Fight against Poverty

Toward a science of delivering aid with dignity: Experimental evidence and local forecasts from Kenya

Fatalism â€“ Georgian Cultural Model

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