Parental and peer influences on the onset of heavier drinking among adolescents.

Investigating Associations Between Perceived Parental Alcohol-Related Messages and College Student Drinking

“…Evidence exists supporting a harm-reduction approach in which alcohol education, moderation, and safety are emphasized as an alternative to a zero-tolerance policy when dispensed through treatment settings, schools, and college campuses (Baer et al, 2001;Botvin, 1985;Botvin and Griffi n, 2004;Botvin et al, 2000;Dimeff et al, 1999;Marlatt and Witkiewitz, 2002). Alternatively, research also supports the notion that complete parental disapproval of underage alcohol use is protective in regard to alcohol use and consequences among adolescents (Ary et al, 1993;Brody et al, 2002;Kelly et al, 2002;Reifman et al, 1998;van der Vorst et al, 2010) and college students (Abar et al, 2009;Boyle and Boekeloo, 2006;Walls et al, 2009;Wood et al, 2004).…”

“…Across a wealth of research, the infl uence of the family network on college student alcohol use and related problems has been clearly demonstrated (Hawkins et al, 1992;Masten and Shaffer, 2006;Read et al, 2005;Reifman et al, 1998;Turner et al, 2000;Wood et al, 2001). Over the past decade, research examining the association between parenting and college student alcohol use has illustrated a host of mechanisms by which parents may infl uence the drinking behaviors and related problems of their college-age youth.…”

“…Over the past decade, research examining the association between parenting and college student alcohol use has illustrated a host of mechanisms by which parents may infl uence the drinking behaviors and related problems of their college-age youth. Among them are parental monitoring and knowledge, parental disapproval of alcohol use, parental permissiveness, and parent-teen communication (Abar et al, 2009;Abar and Turrisi, 2008;Chen et al, 2008;Patock-Peckham and Morgan-Lopez, 2006;Reifman et al, 1998;Sessa, 2005;Small et al, 2011;Turner et al, 2000;Turrisi et al, 2000Turrisi et al, , 2001Walls et al, 2009;White et al, 2006;Wood et al, 2004).…”

“…Prospective studies examining adolescent and youngadult alcohol use also have found that parental disapproval of alcohol use effectively deters later drinking (Ary et al, 1993;Reifman et al, 1998;Walls et al, 2009). Furthermore, multiple studies have concluded that parental communication of clear and consistent disapproval of substance use was necessary to discourage initiation of drug use as well as to infl uence the degree of experimentation and use among adolescents (Abar et al, 2009;Ary et al, 1993;Boyle and Boekeloo, 2006;Brody et al, 2002;Kelly et al, 2002;Reifman et al, 1998;van der Vorst et al, 2010;Walls et al, 2009;Wood et al, 2004).…”

“…Furthermore, multiple studies have concluded that parental communication of clear and consistent disapproval of substance use was necessary to discourage initiation of drug use as well as to infl uence the degree of experimentation and use among adolescents (Abar et al, 2009;Ary et al, 1993;Boyle and Boekeloo, 2006;Brody et al, 2002;Kelly et al, 2002;Reifman et al, 1998;van der Vorst et al, 2010;Walls et al, 2009;Wood et al, 2004). Based on this literature, alcohol-related messages may infl uence student alcohol use differentially based on the source of the message (e.g., schools vs. parents).…”