“…In this context, African American values, practices and families were mostly viewed unfavorably ( Hilliard, 2002 ;Mandara & Murray, 2002 ;McAdoo, 2002 ;Cain & Combs-Orme, 2005 ;Gibson 2005 ;Vereen, 2007 ;Marks, et al ., 2008 ), although some research highlighted the specifi c strengths of the single Black mothers ( Franklin & Boyd-Franklin, 1985 ;Boyd-Franklin, 1989 ;Slaughter-Defoe, Nakagawa, Takanishi, & Johnson, 1990 ;Richards & Schmiege, 1993 ;Luster & McAdoo, 1996 ; Ford-Gil-2 2014, Volume 3, Article 5 Comprehensive Psychology boe, 2000 ; Battle &Coates, 2004 ). Today, the view of a family has changed and a broad variety of family structures, including single parent families are deemed normal ( Richards & Schmiege, 1993 ;Williams, Auslander, Houston, Krebill, & Haire-Joshu, 2000 ;Woody & Woody III, 2003 ;Gibson-Davis, Edin, & McLanahan, 2005 ;Vereen, 2007 ). Single parent families have become the most prevalent family form in the world.…”