Parent‐related mechanisms underlying the social gradient of childhood overweight and obesity: a systematic review

Mech, P.; Hooley, Merrilyn; Skouteris, Helen; Williams, Joanne

doi:10.1111/cch.12356

Cited by 62 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…In younger children direct involvement of parents is a key factor for success [22][23][24]. While obesity tends to run in families [25][26][27] and parents remain an important influence for adolescents [28], the importance of peers and increasing autonomy make it difficult to know how best to engage parents in adolescent weight management programs. To date, research findings have been mixed regarding the extent to which involving parents is beneficial for adolescent weight loss [29].Al-Khudairy et al found that behavioral interventions for adolescents that involved parents, compared to those with no parental involvement, did not seem to differ in effectiveness for weight-related outcomes [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differing views regarding diet and physical activity: adolescents versus parents’ perspectives

Azar

Halley

et al. 2020

BMC Pediatr

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Background: Today, approximately one in five United States adolescents age 12 to 19 years is obese and just over a third are either overweight or obese. This study examines how parents and peers influence diet and physical activity behaviors of older adolescents (14-18 years) with overweight or obesity to inform weight management interventions. Methods: Adolescent participants included 14 to 18-year-olds with a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than the 85th percentile for their age and sex who were receiving care in a large healthcare system in Northern California. Adolescents and their parents participated in separate focus groups and interviews (if not able to attend focus groups) that were held at the same time in the same location. We used qualitative thematic analysis to identify common themes discussed in the adolescent and parent focus groups as well as paired analysis of adolescent-parent dyads. Results: Participants included 26 adolescents and 27 parents. Adolescent participants were 14 to 18 years old. Half were female and the participants were almost evenly distributed across year in school. The majority self-identified as White (56%) and Asian (36%).Three themes were identified which included 1) parents overestimated how supportive they were compared to adolescents' perception 2) parents and adolescents had different views regarding parental influence on adolescent diet and physical activity behaviors 3) parents and adolescents held similar views on peers' influential role on lifestyle behaviors. Conclusion: Parents' and adolescents' differing views suggest that alignment of parent and adolescent expectations and behaviors for supporting effective weight management could be incorporated into interventions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differing views regarding diet and physical activity: adolescents versus parents’ perspectives

Azar

Halley

et al. 2020

BMC Pediatr

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“…Whilst these interventions are important and have the potential to play a part in an overarching anti-obesity strategy, children can develop a tendency towards overweight and obesity before they reach school age (Mech, Hooley, Skouteris, & Williams, 2016; Ventura & Birch, 2008), with parental practices in relation to food having an effect on this trajectory (Golan, Weizman, Apter, & Fainaru, 1998; Heinberg et al, 2010; Spruijt-Metz, Lindquist, Birch, Fisher, & Goran, 2002; Ventura & Birch, 2008). However, studies reporting on interventions for treating obesity in children may produce results which cannot be generalized to the general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Providing healthy diets for young children: the experience of parents in a UK inner city

Goldthorpe

Ali

Calam

2018

International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well

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Objectives: There is a consistent body of evidence to demonstrate that obesity in very early childhood tends to continue into adolescence and through to adulthood. Parental practices in relation to food can have an effect on this trajectory, however existing studies reporting on interventions for treating obesity suggest there is a need to involve populations from demographically diverse backgrounds childhood obesity research. Design/Methods: A qualitative study was carried out using semi-structured interviews with parents in a deprived inner city area. Results: Although parents had good intentions towards providing a health diet for their chidren, a number of barriers emerged. Findings were reported in relation to the following themes: information and education; barriers (having a child with special needs, children’s food preferences and using food to promote desirable behaviour) and techniques (household rules & routines, setting limits and parameters, modelling and food preparation). Conclusion: Parents and carers would benefit from targeted interventions based on improving techniques around food parenting practices, with a focus on equipping parents with the skills to overcome barriers encountered not only in early childhood, but as children progress to school age and through to adolescence.

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“…A growing body of research on the topic has centered around a frequently discussed and uneven distribution of overweight across ethnicities in many countries [3,8,23]. However, our study identified another factor that contributes to overweight adolescents in Chinese cities like Shanghai with high rates of immigration from other less-developed areas; a system that limits access to equal educational resources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…This development has attracted a growing concern from both the government and the public. A growing body of research indicates that the causes of adolescent obesity involves a variety of factors, including children’s personal characteristics (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity), maternal healthy behaviors (i.e., breastfeeding, maternal smoking behavior), children’s physical activity and sedentary behaviours, diet (i.e., food nutrition, food access), family socioeconomic position (e.g., parents’ education, income and occupation), and school environment [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unequal Distribution of Overweight Adolescents in Immigrant-Rich Areas: Analysis of Disparities among Public and Private School Students in Shanghai, China

Shi

Tan

Hui-lin

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Accelerated urbanization and rising immigration to the big cities in China has resulted in education policies that produce disparate treatment of immigrant and non-immigrant students. The two types of students frequently wind up in different types of junior high schools. However, there is little research on whether disparities exist between students in public and private schools with regard to overweight. This study aims to address this gap through a comparison of the overweight status of junior high school students in public and private schools in Shanghai and explore the possible reasons for the observed differences. Students from two public and two private junior high schools were measured. In order to determine what factors might shape overweight among adolescents. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations between overweight and personal characteristics, birth-related factors, levels of physical activity, diet, family socioeconomic status and school environment. Students in private schools proved more likely to be overweight (15.20%, p < 0.05) than public school students (10.18%). Similarly, gender, breastfeeding, parental care and number of classes excluding physical education per day were found to be significant factors. However, private school students were also influenced by gestational age (yes/no: OR = 4.50, p < 0.001), frequency of snacks (sometimes/often: OR = 0.53, p < 0.01) and family income (¥6001–12,000/below ¥6000: OR = 3.27, p < 0.05). Time for lunch was the sole risk factor for public school students in the study (p < 0.05). To reduce the unequal distribution of overweight students between the two types of schools, interventions that consider different multiple risk factors should be implemented.

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Parent‐related mechanisms underlying the social gradient of childhood overweight and obesity: a systematic review

Abstract: Families from different SES groups have different risk and protective factors for COWOB. Prevention and intervention efforts may have improved efficacy if they are tailored to address specific risk factors within SES.

Cited by 62 publications

References 66 publications

Differing views regarding diet and physical activity: adolescents versus parents’ perspectives

Differing views regarding diet and physical activity: adolescents versus parents’ perspectives

Providing healthy diets for young children: the experience of parents in a UK inner city

Unequal Distribution of Overweight Adolescents in Immigrant-Rich Areas: Analysis of Disparities among Public and Private School Students in Shanghai, China

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