Parent-offspring regression and extreme environments

Ward, Patrick

doi:10.1038/hdy.1994.79

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The heat-shock exposures of the type used here approach the tolerance limit of individuals and generally cause severe physiological damage to outbred flies (Krebs & Loeschcke,1 994a). Furthermore, the additive genetic component of variance may change under stress (Ward, 1994). Therefore, predictions for stress interactions with Tolerance against a severe short-term thermal stress declined with increasing inbreeding level both in young and in old adults of D. buzzatii.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat-shock tolerance and inbreeding in Drosophila buzzatii

1995

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The effect of inbreeding on survival after a short-term heat shock was tested for two age groups of the cactophilic fruit fly, Drosophila buzzatii, reared under nonstress conditions. Four inbreeding levels (F = 0, F = 0.25, F = 0.375, F = 0.5) were generated by outcrossing or full-sib mating. All flies were conditioned at 36.5°C for 75 mm prior to exposure to stress, to activate the synthesis of heatshock proteins. These proteins are known to protect cells against stress damage. The younger group of flies were exposed to a thermal stress of 40.7°C for 88 mm, 103 mm, or 118 mm and the older flies to the same temperature only for 88 mm or 103 mm, as the survival of older flies after heat stress was much lower than that of the younger flies. Survival after heat shock declined with increased inbreeding in both age groups. For the younger flies, the slope of the regression line, F, on survival was lower at higher stress levels. For the older flies, inbreeding effects were similar at both stress levels. Mortality without stress also differed significantly among inbreeding groups, mainly because of a large difference between the F =0.5 group and all others.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat-shock tolerance and inbreeding in Drosophila buzzatii

1995

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“…This can lead to misleading results when the variances in the parental and offspring generations differ. Ward (1994) pointed out that the parent-offspring regression coefficient can increase directly with the average value of the environmental contribution to the phenotype, resulting in a relative increase of the regression coefficients with the extremity of the environment. The regression coefficient would therefore increase without any change in the genetic basis of the trait.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HERITABLE VARIATION FOR FECUNDITY IN FIELD-COLLECTEDDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTERAND THEIR OFFSPRING REARED UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES

Sgrò

Hoffmann

1998

Evolution

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Abstract.-Heritable variation for fitness components is normally measured under favorable laboratory conditions, but organisms in the field experience variable conditions that are often stressful and may affect the expression of heritable variation. We examined heritable variation for early fecundity in three samples of Drosophila melanogaster from the field. Flies were obtained from a rotting fruit pile in summer, autumn, and spring, and progeny were reared under laboratory conditions. Field parents were tested for fecundity at 14°C or 28°C depending on ambient temperatures. Winglthorax length ratios measured on flies from the spring collection suggested that flies had developed at around 20°C. Progeny were reared and tested at 14°C, 25°C, and 28°C. In the summer collection, parent-offspring regression coefficients were high and significant, compared to nonsignificant values obtained in two of three autumn comparisons. In the spring collection, parent-offspring regressions were negative regardless of testing temperature, suggesting that field females with a high fecundity produced offspring with low scores. Comparisons of F I and F 2 laboratory generations indicated intermediate heritabilities for fecundity in the laboratory. The lower bound heritability estimate for fecundity in field individuals was 37% in summer and 59% in autumn. Estimates of field heritability and evolvability for wing length measured in the spring collection were lower than in the laboratory. The results indicate that heritabilities and additive genetic variances for fecundity can be high in field-reared flies, but that results may vary between field collections.

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“…Extreme environments often influence expression of quantitative traits and change standard deviations (Ward 1994). We therefore employed a correlation coefficient to determine the heritability instead of a regression coefficient.…”

Section: Offspring-parent Regressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid evolution of larval development time during mass‐rearing in the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae

Miyatake

Yamagishi

1999

Population Ecology

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A quantitative genetic analysis of rapid evolution of a life history trait has been conducted on the first 24 generations of mass-rearing in the melon fly Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae). The phenotypic variance of larval development time in each generation was divided into genetic and residual components. Mean and phenotypic coefficients of variation of larval development time decreased gradually as generations proceeded as a result of artificial selection for shorter larval period in the mass-rearing procedure. There was a trend that additive genetic coefficients of variation in larval development time decreased with generations. These changes are entirely attributed to genetic responses to laboratory selection under the mass-rearing environment because the population was maintained at a very large size so as to exclude random genetic drift and inbreeding depression, which would be other factors responsible for the observed genetic changes. The residual coefficients of variation in larval development time did not change with generations. Realized heritability of larval development time was low. The heritabilities for larval development time estimated from parentoffspring regression at generations 60 and 70, when the evolutionary plateau was asymptotically reached, were not significantly larger than 0.

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Parent-offspring regression and extreme environments

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

Heat-shock tolerance and inbreeding in Drosophila buzzatii

Heat-shock tolerance and inbreeding in Drosophila buzzatii

HERITABLE VARIATION FOR FECUNDITY IN FIELD-COLLECTEDDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTERAND THEIR OFFSPRING REARED UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES

Rapid evolution of larval development time during mass‐rearing in the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae

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