“…contemporary researchers have examined structural barriers to involvement, such as lack of access to computer-based educational information, English language fluency, available child care or time away from work to attend meetings at school, and limited transportation (Green, Walker, Hoover-Dempsey, & sandler, 2007;sosa, 1997). Parents who have not participated in the U.s. postsecondary educational system themselves do not have the same knowledge of the steps and procedures as other parents do (Fann, Jarsky, & McDonough, 2009;Tornatzky, cutler, & Lee, 2002). concerns about documented status, finances, and discrimination are present for some immigrant parents as well (Edwards & Romero, 2008;Motel & Patten, 2013).…”