Parent‐Child Play Scale

Mother–Infant and Extra-Dyadic Interactions with a New Social Partner: Developmental Trajectories of Early Social Abilities during Play

“…After the meal, mother–infant interaction was observed during free play. During 10-min play session, mothers were provided a standardized set of age appropriate toys and were instructed to play with their children as they would at home, according to the procedure indicated by Chatoor (2006) . Mothers and children could play with the following toys: a doll, a baby bottle, colored blocks, a book of figures and a shape sorter toy.…”

“…Mothers and children could play with the following toys: a doll, a baby bottle, colored blocks, a book of figures and a shape sorter toy. The mother–child interaction in the Play Scale includes 32 items representing four subscales: Dyadic Reciprocity, Maternal Unresponsiveness to the Infant’s/Toddler’s Cues, Dyadic Conflict and Maternal Intrusiveness ( Chatoor, 2006 ); the Italian version “Scala di Valutazione dell’Interazione di Gioco Madre-Bambino” was used ( Lucarelli and Cimino, 2008 ). Each item received a score on a Likert scale of 0 ( none ), 1 ( a little ), 2 ( pretty much ), and 3 ( very much ).…”

“…Each dyad has been observed at home during feeding and free play. Mother–child interactions during feeding and playing were examined using the “Feeding Scale” ( Chatoor et al, 1998 ; Lucarelli et al, 2002 ; Ammaniti et al, 2006, unpublished) and the “Play Scale” ( Chatoor et al, 1997 ; Chatoor, 2006 ; Lucarelli and Cimino, 2008 ). The dyads were observed at the time in which the child usually ate (between 11:00 and 12:00 am).…”

“…This study aimed to expand a previous cross-sectional research data ( Fadda et al, 2014 ), by investigating prospectively the relationship between mother–infant interactions and infant social competencies with a stranger across two time points: at T 1 , when the infants were aged between 9 and 22 months, and 6 months later, at T 2 . We chose to investigate the relationship between mother–infant interactions and infant social competencies specifically 6 months later because this is the same as that for the longitudinal assessment by means of the Feeding and Play Scales ( Chatoor et al, 1998 ; Chatoor, 2006 ) used in previous studies. This interval has also been frequently used in the studies that used the Early Social Communications Scales ( Mundy et al, 2007 ).…”

“…20 dyads were evaluated at T 1 (infants aged between 9–22 months) and 6 months later, at T 2 . The interdyadic differences in mother–infant interactions during feeding and play were evaluated, respectively, with the “Feeding Scale” ( Chatoor et al, 1997 ) and with the “Play Scale” ( Chatoor, 2006 ) and the socio-communicative abilities of children with a new social partner during play were evaluated with the “Early Social Communication Scales” ( Mundy et al, 2003 ). We distinguished the dyads into two categories: dyads with functional interactions (high dyadic reciprocity, low dyadic conflict) and dyads with dysfunctional interactions (lower dyadic reciprocity, higher dyadic conflict).…”