Parent Attribution for Child Eating Scale

Hendy, Helen M.; Williams, KA Kevin; Harclerode, Whitney; Riegel, Katherine

doi:10.1037/t42138-000

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“…and salt, and to reject bitter or sour tastes (38) , in fussy children the intake of staple foods and fresh produce can be easily replaced by hyper-palatable processed foods (24; 36; 37) , and it may be associated with destructured meals (41) . Additionally, it is common that parents of fussy children, who are usually thinner, adopt mealtime strategies, such as offering commercially prepared nutrition supplement drinks and preparing special meals with well-accepted foods (42) . Thus, children's food preferences and counterproductive parents' behaviours may increase the consumption of ultra-processed foods, limiting diet variety and intensifying food fussiness afterwards (33; 39; 43) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultra-processed food consumption, appetitive traits and BMI in children: a prospective study

et al. 2020

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This study aimed to investigate the association of ultra-processed food consumption at 4 and 7 years of age with appetitive traits at 7 years, and body mass index (BMI) at 10 years of age. Participants were 1175 children of the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI, who provided food diaries and complete data on socio-demographic variables, anthropometric measures, and the Portuguese Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (P-CEBQ). Foods were grouped according to NOVA classification into: “unprocessed, minimally or moderately processed, and culinary preparations”; “processed”; “ultra-processed”. To assess tracking of groups’ consumption, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (r) and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were calculated. Generalized linear models were fitted to test main associations, mediators, and interactions among the variables. Ultra-processed consumption exhibited a fair level of stability between ages 4 and 7 (r=0.34; ICC=0.32; 95%CI: 0.25; 0.39), corresponding respectively to 27.3% (449.8 kcal per day; SD=217.2) and 29.3% (526.9 kcal per day; SD=229.7) of total energy intake. After adjusting for maternal and child characteristics, higher ultra-processed consumption at 4 years was associated directly with ‘Food Responsiveness’ (β̂ = 0.019; 95%CI: 0.007; 0.037), and indirectly through energy intake with avoidant traits: ‘Food Fussiness’ (β̂ = -0.007; 95% CI: 0.002; 0.012) and ‘Satiety Responsiveness’ (β̂ = -0.007; 95% CI: 0.003; 0.012). Ultra-processed consumption at 4 years old was associated with BMI at 10 years old, but appetitive behaviours were not powerful mediators of this association. The results suggest a path by which ultra-processed products may impact on later appetitive traits and higher BMI in children.

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confidence: 99%