Parelaphostrongylus tenuis–Associated Meningoencephalitis in a Sika Deer (Cervus nippon)

Gerhold, Richard W.; Keel, M. Kevin; Arnold, Kim; Hotton, Doug; Beckstead, Robert B.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-46.1.287

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Tissue samples were cut from paraffin blocks from all cases with characteristic P. tenuis lesions for DNA extraction and subsequent PCR testing as previously described. 4,13 An additional histology slide was cut after the 10-µm tissue PCR slices were taken and subsequently stained to determine if nematodes had been uncovered at the depth of the corresponding PCR sample. Extraction of DNA was completed according to the manufacturer's instructions, a and PCR was completed as previously described.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extraction of DNA was completed according to the manufacturer's instructions, a and PCR was completed as previously described. 4,13 Separate microtome blades were used for each block, and the blades were cleaned thoroughly between blocks and microtomes using DNA degrading solution. Both DNA extraction and PCR-negative controls were used in nPCR reactions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5]10,13,18 Using nPCR allows for increased sensitivity to detect Parelaphostrongylus spp. DNA at quantities that conventional PCR would not detect.…”

Section: Research-article2014mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrospective study of central nervous system lesions and association with Parelaphostrongylus species by histology and specific nested polymerase chain reaction in domestic camelids and wild ungulates

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from elk (Cervus elaphus), goats, and camelids with case histories and lesions suggestive of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis were examined by histology to characterize lesions that could aid in definitively diagnosing P. tenuis infection. Additionally, sections of paraffin-embedded tissue were used in a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) using Parelaphostrongylus-specific primers to determine how PCR results corresponded with histological findings. Histological changes in brain and spinal cord consisted of linear tracks of hemorrhage; tracks or perivascular accumulations of hemosiderin-laden macrophages; acute foci of axonal degeneration and/or linear glial scars; and perivascular, parenchymal, or meningeal accumulations of eosinophils and/or lymphocytes and plasma cells. Of the 43 samples with histologic lesions consistent with neural larval migrans, 19 were PCR positive; however, only 8 were confirmed Parelaphostrongylus by DNA sequencing. Additionally, 1 goat was identified with a protostrongylid that had a 97% identity to both Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei and a protostrongylid nematode from pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus celer) from Argentina. None of the histologic lesions individually or in combination correlated statistically to positive molecular tests for the nematode. The results indicate that it is possible to extract Parelaphostrongylus DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded tissue, but extended fixation presumably can cause DNA crosslinking. Nested PCR provides another diagnostic tool to identify the cause of neurologic disease in camelids and elk with histologic lesions consistent with neural larval migrans. Furthermore, potential novel protostrongylid DNA was detected from a goat with lesions consistent with P. tenuis infection, suggesting that other neurotropic Parelaphostrongylus species may occur locally.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrospective study of central nervous system lesions and association with Parelaphostrongylus species by histology and specific nested polymerase chain reaction in domestic camelids and wild ungulates

et al. 2014

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“…using the following primers: 1) primary reaction-forward or sense (5'-CCGTCGAATACATGTCATCC-3') and reverse (5'-TCGTCAAGACGATGATTCCC-3') 6 with a predicted 228-base pair (bp), and 2) secondary reaction-forward (5'-AGAATTACGACAATGGCAAC-3') and reverse (5'-ATGATACCCATTGATAATC-3') with a predicted 110-bp product. Polymerase chain reaction components and primary reaction cycling parameters were performed as previously described 10,21 with the exception of a 43°C annealing temperature, which was used for the secondary reaction. Amplicon visualization, purification, and nucleotide sequencing was done as previously described.…”

Section: Necropsymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,13 Naturally occurring aberrant migration of P. tenuis causes neurological disease in various mammals, including camelids, sheep, goats, horses, cervids, and a number of other cloven-hoofed animals. 1,2,10,[12][13][14]22,23 However, there are only 2 individual pathology reports of presumptive P. tenuis migration causing neurological disease in cattle 5,25 with the diagnosis made on morphological characteristics of nematodes within spinal cord segments. To date, there is no commercially available antemortem test to confirm Parelaphostrongylus spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Parelaphostrongylus spp. infection as a cause of meningomyelitis in calves

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Migration of Parelaphostrongylus spp. has been documented to cause central nervous system damage in a number of aberrant host species but appears to be uncommon in cattle. The current report describes the clinical and laboratory findings, antemortem and definitive diagnosis, and response to treatment of Parelaphostrongylus spp. infection in five 3-7-month-old Limousin calves from 2 farms. All calves had signs of acute (n = 2) and chronic (n = 3) progressive spinal cord dysfunction. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed a marked eosinophilic (acute cases) or lymphocytic (chronic cases) pleocytosis and elevated protein in all calves. A necropsy and histopathologic evaluation was performed on 2 euthanized calves, and histopathology revealed lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic meningomyelitis with multiple intradural and intramedullary expansile hyperplastic lymphoid nodules containing germinal centers and nematode fragments. DNA sequencing was performed on nested polymerase chain reaction products amplified with parasite-specific primers obtained from formalinfixed and frozen spinal cord; PCR products from these 2 calves were 100% identical to Parelaphostrongylus species on DNA sequencing, confirming the diagnosis. Surviving calves rapidly improved following treatment with anthelmintics and corticosteroids. This case series identified Parelaphostrongylus spp. (likely P. tenuis) as a cause of spinal cord disease in calves and highlights the need for vigilance against aberrant parasite migration in calves grazing wet, snail-infested pastures. Cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia is useful for supporting an antemortem diagnosis of Parelaphostrongylus in calves with acute neurologic disease; however, a lymphocytosis is observed in chronic or treated cases.

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Protostrongylus pulmonalis (Frölich, 1802) and P. oryctolagi Baboš, 1955 (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae), parasites of the lungs of European hare (Lepus europaeus L.) in France: morphological and molecular approaches

et al. 2014

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Pulmonary protostrongyliasis of hare is a parasitic disease caused by nematodes belonging to the genus Protostrongylus (Nematoda, Protostrongylidae). During survey of wildlife disease in the South-East of France, pathologic examination of lungs from European hares found dead or hunter-killed between 2009 and 2012 was performed. Adult male worms were morphologically characterized and the identification confirmed by molecular biology (D2 domain of the 28S and ITS2 of rDNA). Two different species were identified: the first one, Protostrongylus pulmonalis, is identical with the haplotype previously deposited in GenBank. Based on morphological criteria of copulatory bursa of adult male worms (especially length of spicules and gubernaculum structure), we identified a second species found in France as Protostrongylus oryctolagi. This is the first report of P. oryctolagi in France from European hare and rabbit. P. oryctolagi was isolated from 248 hares and 3 rabbits in the South of France. P. pulmonalis was isolated from four hares found dead in the Northern France and from one hare in the South, which was co-parasitized by P. oryctolagi and P. pulmonalis. It's the first coinfection observed with these two species from a lung of hare in France.

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Parelaphostrongylus tenuis–Associated Meningoencephalitis in a Sika Deer (Cervus nippon)

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Retrospective study of central nervous system lesions and association with Parelaphostrongylus species by histology and specific nested polymerase chain reaction in domestic camelids and wild ungulates

Retrospective study of central nervous system lesions and association with Parelaphostrongylus species by histology and specific nested polymerase chain reaction in domestic camelids and wild ungulates

Diagnosis of Parelaphostrongylus spp. infection as a cause of meningomyelitis in calves

Protostrongylus pulmonalis (Frölich, 1802) and P. oryctolagi Baboš, 1955 (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae), parasites of the lungs of European hare (Lepus europaeus L.) in France: morphological and molecular approaches

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