Parcs à gibier et garennes à lapins : contribution à une étude archéologique des territoires de chasse dans le paysage médiéval

Abstract

HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Rabbit and man: genetic and historic approach

“…On the other hand, in Corsica, the presence of rabbits in historical times was inferred (Bodson, 1978;Rougeot, 1981;Arthur, 1989) from the name 'cunicula 7 iae' given by Pliny the Old (Nat hist 3, 83) to the islands off Bonifacio and/or from Polybius' writings (Nat hist 12, 3) In fact, recent excavations have shown the absence of rabbits in Tyrrhenean islands at that time (Rougeot, 1981), texts indicate that the expansion was only important in the 9th -12th centuries which is confirmed by osteoarchaeological data (Rougeot, 1981;Delort, 1984;Audoin, 1986). Around that time (10th century) in France, medieval warrens, previously restricted to nobles, were developed throughout the country (Gislain, 1980;Zadora-Rio, 1986). They remained open until mid-13th century, allowing some individuals to go back to the fields and found new colonies, completely independent of human interference and are probably the origin of present warren rabbits.…”

“…Animals were also propagated through sales from one country to another and from gifts to foreign lords (Delort, 1984;Durliat, 1985). Domestication began with the 16th century (Rougeot, 1981;Audoin, 1986) while warrens were conserved (Zadora-Rio, 1986). After this period, 3 kinds of rabbits were living in Western Europe: wild rabbits (most of them coming from warrens), rabbits kept in warrens for hunting, and domestic stocks (Audoin, 1986).…”

The mapping of forested archaeological sites using UAV LiDaR. A feedback from a south-west France experiment in settlement & landscape archaeology.

“…Nor can it be ruled out, even if the dimensions are to small to refer to a true "Roman camp" whose classical proportions are more like ten times larger (Hanson and Jones 2020;Hanson, Jones and Jones 2019;Reddé 2008). This type of ditch platform may just as well be from the medieval or modern period and correspond to settlement sites, such as fortified house enclosures (Margetts 2017) or game parks (Crozet, Laplaige and Rodier 2017;Zadora-Rio 1986).…”

“…Several examples of this size have been archaeologically explored in France since the 1970s (Colardelle et al 1979;De Bouard 1981;Noyé 1976) or recently excavated (Chevassu and Bichet 2019;Marchaisseau et al 2010;Morel-Lecornué 2017) and elsewhere in Europe (Kiarszys 2017;Meyer, Pfeffer and Jürgens 2019). But this type of mound can also correspond to forest game management structures, such as rabbit warrens (Duceppe-Lamarre 1999;Zadora-Rio 1986, 2014.…”

Forest laws in England and Normandy in the twelfth century

“…Dukes had not abandoned their rights over the forests of others: as in England, they licensed rights to parks and warrens, which gave lords a monopoly in certain locations. By the thirteenth century they also took a third and a tenth of the wood sold in non‐ducal forests, the right of ‘tiers et danger’. Although this payment does not occur on the twelfth‐century Norman pipe rolls, it probably already existed in the form of payments for permission to sell wood.…”