Parcelling virtual carbon in the pollution haven hypothesis

Santiago, Luis Antonio López; Arce, Guadalupe; Zafrilla, Jorge

doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2013.05.006

Cited by 89 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Trade between Spain and China , for example, is said to have increased global emissions by 30 Mt CO 2 in 2005 (López et al 2013b ). , on the other hand, assert that overall Spain has been avoiding emissions through trade between 1995 and 2007.…”

Section: Is Trade Good or Bad? Some Final Thoughtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts Embodied in Global Trade Flows

Wiedmann

2016

Taking Stock of Industrial Ecology

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The steep and unprecedented growth of globalisation and trade over the last few decades has led to accelerated economic activity with mixed outcomes. Continued economic growth and alleviation of poverty in many countries has been accompanied with an overall increase and shifting of environmental pressures between countries. Industrial ecology research has contributed decisively to the knowledge around impacts in trade. This chapter summarises the latest empirical fi ndings on global change instigated by trade, discusses new methodological developments and refl ects on the sustainability of globalised production and consumption. Signifi cant proportions of up to 64 % of total environmental, social and economic impacts can be linked to international trade. Impacts embodied in trade have grown much more rapidly than their total global counterparts. Policies aimed at increasing the sustainability of production and consumption need to go beyond domestic regulation and seek international cooperation to target production practices for exports worldwide.

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Section: Is Trade Good or Bad? Some Final Thoughtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts Embodied in Global Trade Flows

Wiedmann

2016

Taking Stock of Industrial Ecology

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“…In recent years, global multi-regional IO (GMRIO) tables and corresponding IO models are increasingly used to account emissions and their trade, helping to design or improve climate policy. Examples include accounting carbon footprints 18,19 , computing balances of avoided emissions 20,21 , or finding the drivers of changes in global GHG emissions 22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a more effective climate policy on international trade

2020

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In the literature on the attribution of responsibilities for greenhouse gas emissions, two accounting methods have been widely discussed: production-based accounting (PBA) and consumption-based accounting (CBA). It has been argued that an accounting framework for attributing responsibilities should credit actions contributing to reduce global emissions and should penalize actions increasing them. Neither PBA nor CBA satisfy this principle. Adapting classical Ricardian trade theory, we consider ex post measurement and propose a scheme for assigning credits and penalties. Their size is determined by how much CO 2 emissions are saved globally due to trade. This leads to the emission responsibility allotment (ERA) for assigning responsibilities. We illustrate the differences between ERA and PBA and CBA by comparing their results for 41 countries and regions between 1995-2009. The Paris Agreement (COP21) proposed new market mechanisms; we argue that ERA is well suited to measure and evaluate their overall mitigation impact.

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“…Peters et al (2012) and Sato (2013) provide overviews of data and techniques used in these papers and note that findings are overall robust across studies. A series of paper focuses on specific countries (mainly China, Japan, US, UK), or country pairs, to accommodate the increasing political interest (Shui and Harriss 2006, Ackermann et al 2007, Dietzenbacher and Mukhopadhyay 2007, Li and Hewitt 2008, Liu et al 2010, Xu et al 2011, Dietzenbacher et al 2012, Zhang 2012, Lopez et al 2013, Barrett et al 2013). Yet, Jakob et al 2013and Jakob and emphasize that one should be careful when interpreting net emission transfers and their effects on overall emissions.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO<sub>2</sub> Embedded in Trade: Trends and Fossil Fuel Drivers

et al. 2017

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The amount of CO2 embedded in trade has substantially increased since 1990. We study the trends and some drivers over the period 1995-2009. We find that traded goods tend to have higher emission-intensities compared to average final demand. The second finding is that independently of sector structure, dirty countries tend to specialize in emissionintensive sectors. This finding suggests a comparative advantage mechanism for CO2 and lends support to the hypothesis that trade liberalization tends to increase global emissions. The third finding is that, on average, emission-intensive countries have shifted from trade deficits to surpluses, so a larger share of goods is now produced in emission-intensive countries, consequently increasing global emissions. Finally, our analysis points to coal abundance as an important driver for high levels of both domestic emissions per value added and sector specialization into emission-intensive sectors. Hence coal abundance is an important driver of net CO2 exports.

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Parcelling virtual carbon in the pollution haven hypothesis

Cited by 89 publications

References 44 publications

Impacts Embodied in Global Trade Flows

Impacts Embodied in Global Trade Flows

Towards a more effective climate policy on international trade

CO<sub>2</sub> Embedded in Trade: Trends and Fossil Fuel Drivers

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