Parcellation‐based anatomic modeling of the default mode network

Sandhu, Zainab; Tanglay, Onur; Young, Isabella M.; Briggs, Robert G.; Bai, Michael Y.; Larsen, Micah L.; Conner, Andrew K.; Dhanaraj, Vukshitha; Lin, Yueh‐Hsin; Hormovas, Jorge; Fonseka, R. Dineth; Glenn, Chad A.; Sughrue, Michael E.

doi:10.1002/brb3.1976

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The validity of this hypothesis may be evaluated based on physical embedding of the DMN within the whole-brain connectome. However, studies mapping white matter tracts of the DMN have thus far focused on specific fiber bundles that interconnect its different regions (Alves et al, 2019;Figley et al, 2015;Greicius et al, 2009;Horn et al, 2014;Khalsa et al, 2014;Sandhu et al, 2020;Van Den Heuvel et al, 2008;Van Oort et al, 2014). Thus, how subunits of the DMN contribute to both integration and perceptually-decoupled cognition remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture of the Human Default Mode Network: Cytoarchitecture, Wiring and Signal Flow

Paquola

Garber

Frässle

et al. 2021

Preprint

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It is challenging to specify the role of the default mode network (DMN) in human behaviour. Contemporary theories, based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), suggest that the DMN is insulated from the external world, which allows it to support perceptually-decoupled states and to integrate external and internal information in the construction of abstract meanings. To date, the neuronal architecture of the DMN has received relatively little attention. Understanding the cytoarchitectural composition and connectional layout of the DMN will provide novel insights into its role in brain function. We mapped cytoarchitectural variation within the DMN using a cortical type atlas and a histological model of the entire human brain. Next, we used MRI acquired in healthy young adults to explicate structural wiring and effective connectivity. We discovered profound diversity of DMN cytoarchitecture. Connectivity is organised along the most dominant cytoarchitectural axis. One side of the axis is the prominent receiver, whereas the other side remains more insulated, especially from sensory areas. The structural heterogeneity of the DMN engenders a network-level balance in communication with external and internal sources, which is distinctive, relative to other functional communities. The neuronal architecture of the DMN suggests it is a protuberance from the core cortical processing hierarchy and holds a unique role in information integration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture of the Human Default Mode Network: Cytoarchitecture, Wiring and Signal Flow

Paquola

Garber

Frässle

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…We will not delve into the technical nuances of graph theoretical analyses, but rather briefly describe seven major networks that comprise our current understanding of the brain connectome in Table 1, including: central executive network (CEN), default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), sensorimotor network, dorsal attention network (DAN), limbic network, and visual network. By utilizing combined structural-functional information and meta-analytic processing software, our team has been creating anatomically precise cortical maps of these brain networks describing key regions in precise HCP nomenclature and their major cortico-cortical connections (27,73,74).…”

Section: Reimagining the Brain As Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main cognitive networks refer to the CEN, DMN, and the SN, and provide an axis in which the other networks align (78). The DMN is generally thought to alternate its activity with the CEN in an anticorrelated fashion, in which the DMN activates during passive states of mind while the CEN activates during goal-directed behavior and attentional processing (73). Furthermore, the allocation of resources and switching between these two networks based on stimulus orientation and changes in tasks is thought to be mediated by the SN, a cingulo-opercular network (77).…”

Section: Reimagining the Brain As Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead, connectomic data provides more clear information on how to avoid these injuries and why they occur. Namely, the DMN contains anterior and posterior cingulate clusters linked via cingulum fibers, and disconnecting this cingulum bundle in the initiation "axis" is what likely causes abulia (73,86). By applying this tractographic information when operating on anterior butterfly gliomas, a cingulum sparing technique can nearly completely prevent akinesis and abulia compared to not sparing the cingulum fibers (Figure 1) (82).…”

Section: Using Brain Network Maps In Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reducing the Cognitive Footprint of Brain Tumor Surgery

et al. 2021

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The surgical management of brain tumors is based on the principle that the extent of resection improves patient outcomes. Traditionally, neurosurgeons have considered that lesions in “non-eloquent” cerebrum can be more aggressively surgically managed compared to lesions in “eloquent” regions with more known functional relevance. Furthermore, advancements in multimodal imaging technologies have improved our ability to extend the rate of resection while minimizing the risk of inducing new neurologic deficits, together referred to as the “onco-functional balance.” However, despite the common utilization of invasive techniques such as cortical mapping to identify eloquent tissue responsible for language and motor functions, glioma patients continue to present post-operatively with poor cognitive morbidity in higher-order functions. Such observations are likely related to the difficulty in interpreting the highly-dimensional information these technologies present to us regarding cognition in addition to our classically poor understanding of the functional and structural neuroanatomy underlying complex higher-order cognitive functions. Furthermore, reduction of the brain into isolated cortical regions without consideration of the complex, interacting brain networks which these regions function within to subserve higher-order cognition inherently prevents our successful navigation of true eloquent and non-eloquent cerebrum. Fortunately, recent large-scale movements in the neuroscience community, such as the Human Connectome Project (HCP), have provided updated neural data detailing the many intricate macroscopic connections between cortical regions which integrate and process the information underlying complex human behavior within a brain “connectome.” Connectomic data can provide us better maps on how to understand convoluted cortical and subcortical relationships between tumor and human cerebrum such that neurosurgeons can begin to make more informed decisions during surgery to maximize the onco-functional balance. However, connectome-based neurosurgery and related applications for neurorehabilitation are relatively nascent and require further work moving forward to optimize our ability to add highly valuable connectomic data to our surgical armamentarium. In this manuscript, we review four concepts with detailed examples which will help us better understand post-operative cognitive outcomes and provide a guide for how to utilize connectomics to reduce cognitive morbidity following cerebral surgery.

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“…In addition, the cingulum was implicated in positive structural connectivity-camouflaging associations in ASD-F. This tract connects medial regions of the DMN 75 and the parahippocampus, 76 which is consistent with "sex-typical" results showing that higher right anterior parahippocampal FC with the DMN predicts more camouflaging in ASD-F. Finally, higher structural connectivity in parietal tracts connecting medial/lateral parietal and occipital cortex 77 to precentral 78 and dorsolateral prefrontal regions 79 predicted less camouflaging in ASD-F.…”

Section: Multi-modal Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Related Neurocircuitry Supporting Camouflaging in Adults with Autism: Female Protection Insights

Walsh

Pagni

Monahan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The male preponderance in autism led to the hypothesis that aspects of female biology are protective against autism. Females with autism report engaging in more compensatory behaviors (i.e., “camouflaging”) to overcome autism-related social differences, which may be a downstream result of protective pathways. No studies have examined sex-related brain pathways supporting camouflaging in females with autism, despite its potential to inform mechanisms underlying the sex bias in autism.This case-control design included 45 non-intellectually-disabled adults with autism (male/female: 21/24) and 40 neurotypical adults (male/female: 19/21) ages 18-71. We used group multivariate voxel pattern analysis to conduct a data-driven, connectome-wide characterization of “sex-atypical” (sex-by-diagnosis) and “sex-typical” (sex) brain functional connectivity features linked to camouflaging, and validated findings in females with autism multi-modally via structural connectometry. Exploratory associations with cognitive control, memory, emotion recognition, and depression/anxiety examined the adaptive nature of functional connectivity patterns supporting camouflaging in females with autism.We found 1) “sex-atypical” functional connectivity patterns predicting camouflaging in the hypothalamus and precuneus and 2) “sex-typical” patterns in the anterior cingulate and right anterior parahippocampus. Higher hypothalamic functional connectivity with a limbic reward cluster was the strongest predictor of camouflaging in females with autism (a “sex-atypical” pattern), and also predicted better cognitive control/emotion recognition. Structural connectometry validated functional connectivity results with consistent brain pathways/effect patterns implicated across multi-modal findings in females with autism.This data-driven, connectome-wide characterization of “sex-atypical” and “sex-typical” brain connectivity features supporting compensatory social behavior in autism suggests hormones may play a role in the autism sex bias. Furthermore, both “male-typical” and “female-typical” brain connectivity patterns are implicated in camouflaging in females with autism in circuits associated with reward, emotion, and memory processing. “Sex-atypical” results are consistent with the fetal steroidogenic hypothesis, which would result in masculinized brain features in females with autism. However, female genetics/biology may contribute to “female-typical” patterns implicated in camouflaging.

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Parcellation‐based anatomic modeling of the default mode network

Cited by 22 publications

References 87 publications

Architecture of the Human Default Mode Network: Cytoarchitecture, Wiring and Signal Flow

Architecture of the Human Default Mode Network: Cytoarchitecture, Wiring and Signal Flow

Reducing the Cognitive Footprint of Brain Tumor Surgery

Sex-Related Neurocircuitry Supporting Camouflaging in Adults with Autism: Female Protection Insights

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