Paravirale Exantheme

Abstract

Paraviral exanthems are distinct skin diseases due to infections with different viruses. Although no virus has been identified so far in some exanthems, the main age of manifestation, the clinical course of the exanthem, and the extracutaneous symptoms are suggestive for a viral genesis. While many viral infections are a direct result of the infection, paraviral exanthems reflect the response of the immune system to the infectious pathogens. Viruses cannot be identified in the skin. Typical paraviral exanthems include Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, pityriasis rosea, pityriasis lichenoides, papular-purpuric gloves and sock syndrome, and asymmetrical periflexural exanthema. Unilateral mediothoracic exanthem, eruptive pseudoangiomatosis are rare and eruptive hypomelanosis has been described recently.

Infectious exanthemas in childhood

“…By definition, paraviral exanthemas are distinct skin lesions caused not by one specific virus but by many different viruses [3,4,7]. They reflect the immune response to an infectious agent.…”

“…Paraviral exanthemas include Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, pityriasis rosea, pityriasis lichenoides, papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome, asymmetric periflexural exanthema (unilateral laterothoracal exanthema), eruptive pseudoangiomatosis and eruptive hypomelanosis. Acute hemorrhagic edema is also included in the group of paraviral exanthemas [3,4]. Figure 4) mainly on the cheeks (Figure 4a), limbs (with preference of the extensor sides) ( Figure 4b) and gluteal region, and usually occurs in toddlers and pre-school children.…”

“…The spectrum of differential diagnoses includes lichen ruber, ictus reactions, drug rashes, or atopic eczema -with the latter being significantly associated with GCS [16]. Gianotti-Crosti syndrome is self-limiting with varying duration (between three weeks and several months) [3,4,7].…”

Interferon‐beta as an enhancer of paraviral exanthema during influenza virus infection

“…Dyskeratosis follicularis cured by superficial radiotherapy: longterm follow-up of 10 patients Editor, Dyskeratosis follicularis (DF), or Darier's disease, is a genodermatosis caused by a mutation in the ATP2A2 gene coding for Ca ++ -ATPase. 1,2 DF is a chronically relapsing disease with keratotic papules especially in seborrhaeic areas with tendency to superinfections and malodours. 3 Treatment, such as antiseptics, antibiotics, corticosteroids and retinoids, does not result in cure.…”

“…They either result from direct viral induced cytopathic effects on epithelial cells or present themselves as so-called paraviral exanthema that are considered an immunological epiphenomenon in response to the infectious pathogen. 1,2 Sporadic reports of Figure 1 Timeline of clinical course and respective clinical findings. (a) clinical aspect (abdomen) during first visit/+4 days, (b) clinical aspect (left thigh)/+7 days (captured by the patient), (c) clinical aspect (abdomen) during follow-up visit/ +12 weeks exanthema during influenza exist.…”