Paratuberculosis in wild rabbits (<i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i>)

Greig, Alastair; Stevenson, Karen; Pérez, Valentín Pérez; Pirie, Antoinette; Grant, Jason; Sharp, John M.

doi:10.1136/vr.140.6.141

Cited by 106 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Tissue samples were decontaminated following a recommended protocol [14], cultured and the isolates were identified as M. a. paratuberculosis by mycobactin-dependency, colony morphology and IS900-PCR as described [6].…”

Section: Bacteriology (M a Paratuberculosis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of diagnostic tools for eradication of bovine tuberculosis in cattle co-infected withMycobacterium bovisandM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis

et al. 2006

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-The intradermal tuberculin (IDTB) test and the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) assay are used worldwide for detection of bovine tuberculosis in cattle, but little is known about the effect of co-infecting agents on the performance of these diagnostic tests. This report describes a field trial conducted in a cattle herd with dual infection (bovine tuberculosis and paratuberculosis) during 3.5 years. It has been based on a strategic approach encompassing serial parallel testing (comparative IDTB test, the IFN-γ assay and serology of paratuberculosis) that was repeated 8 times over the period, and segregation of animals into two herds. The IDTB test detected 65.2% and the IFN-γ test detected 69.6% of the Mycobacterium bovis culture-positive cattle. However, the IDTB test performed better during the first part of the trial, while the IFN-γ test was the only method that detected infected animals during the following three samplings. The number of false positive reactors with the IDTB and/or the IFN-γ tests was remarkably high compared to other reports, and could be caused by cross-reactivity with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Also, the M. bovis isolates from cattle and wildlife from the same property were characterised using molecular techniques to disclose an epidemiological link. The IDTB test may not be appropriate to eradicate bovine tuberculosis in herds with dual mycobacterial infections. This report highlights the need to use several diagnostic techniques for the accurate detection of M. bovis infected animals in these herds. tuberculosis / paratuberculosis / IDTB / IFN-γ / eradication

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Section: Bacteriology (M a Paratuberculosis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of diagnostic tools for eradication of bovine tuberculosis in cattle co-infected withMycobacterium bovisandM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis

et al. 2006

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“…Natural infection in macaque monkeys was reported by McClure et al (1987). A strong statistical association was found between paratuberculosis in rabbits and a history of the disease in cattle on affected farms (Greig et al, 1997. Recent studies have demonstrated the isolation of M. paratuberculosis from the tissues of foxes and stoats (Beard et al, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The transmission and impact of paratuberculosis infection in domestic and wild ruminants

Ayele¹,

Macháčková²,

Pavlík³

2001

Vet. Med. - Czech

105

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) infects domestic cattle, sheep, goats, deer, camelids and wild ruminants leading to chronic enteritis known as paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease). The infection is chronic, progressive and unresponsive to treatment. Most infected animals do not develop clinical disease but may excrete the bacteria. Clinically sick animals suffer emaciation and in some species diarrhoea, followed by eventual death. During the course of the disease, excretion of M. paratuberculosis in faeces and milk occurs, and the organism spreads through the blood and lymph vessels of infected animals to multiple internal organs. The infection disseminates to both the female and male reproductive organs. Though M. paratuberculosis is not classified as a human pathogen, current opinions on the possible role of this mycobacteria in public health is discussed. This article attempts to review the ways and circumstances by which M. paratuberculosis is transmitted within an animal population and the importance of the disease on animal production. Published reports concerning the transmission and epidemiology of the disease are reviewed herein, and preventive and control measures are summarised.

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“…4). For Map, the prevalence in predators, including fox stoats and weasels, is 62% and is higher than in the prey species, including rabbits, rats and wood mice, whose prevalence is 10% [69,70]. The high prevalence of Map in some non-ruminant wildlife species and their interaction with susceptible ruminant livestock raises the possibility that they play a role in the epidemiology of the disease in the latter.…”

Section: Wildlife As a Source Of The Mac Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high prevalence of Map in some non-ruminant wildlife species and their interaction with susceptible ruminant livestock raises the possibility that they play a role in the epidemiology of the disease in the latter. The risk of transmission from wildlife to livestock has frequently been suggested, but it is hard to be proven in the field mainly due to the long incubation period of the disease and the difficulty in excluding other potential sources of infection [7,8,24,52,69,174]. For Map, livestock may also be a source of contamination for wildlife, by contact and/or by their excreta, including rodents, non ruminants or ruminants.…”

Section: Wildlife As a Source Of The Mac Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic aspects of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC)

Biet¹,

et al. 2005

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-Pathogens that are transmitted between the environment, wildlife, livestock and humans represent major challenges for the protection of human and domestic animal health, the economic sustainability of agriculture, and the conservation of wildlife. Among such pathogens, the genus Mycobacterium is well represented by M. bovis, the etiological agent of bovine tuberculosis, M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map) the etiological agent of Johne disease, M. avium ssp. avium (Maa) and in a few common cases by other emergent environmental mycobacteria. Epidemiologic surveys performed in Europe, North America and New Zealand have demonstrated the existence and importance of environmental and wildlife reservoirs of mycobacterial infections that limit the attempts of disease control programmes. The aim of this review is to examine the zoonotic aspects of mycobacteria transmitted from the environment and wildlife. This work is focused on the species of two main groups of mycobacteria classified as important pathogens for humans and animals: first, M. bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, which belongs to the M. tuberculosis complex and has a broad host range including wildlife, captive wildlife, domestic livestock, non-human primates and humans; the second group examined, is the M. avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) which includes M. avium ssp. avium causing major health problems in AIDS patients and M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis the etiological agent of Johne disease in cattle and identified in patients with Crohn disease. MAC agents, in addition to a broad host range, are environmental mycobacteria found in numerous biotopes including the soil, water, aerosols, protozoa, deep litter and fresh tropical vegetation. This review examines the possible reservoirs of these pathogens in the environment and in wildlife, their role as sources of infection in humans and animals and their health impact on humans. The possibilities of control and management programmes for these mycobacterial infections are examined with regards to the importance of their natural reservoirs.

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Paratuberculosis in wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Cited by 106 publications

References 15 publications

Assessment of diagnostic tools for eradication of bovine tuberculosis in cattle co-infected withMycobacterium bovisandM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis

Assessment of diagnostic tools for eradication of bovine tuberculosis in cattle co-infected withMycobacterium bovisandM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis

The transmission and impact of paratuberculosis infection in domestic and wild ruminants

Zoonotic aspects of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC)

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