Paratuberculosis in Small Ruminants, Deer, and South American Camelids

Stehman, Susan M.

doi:10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30416-3

Cited by 84 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Chronic weight loss is the primary clinical sign of paratuberculosis in sheep and goats. Only 10 to 20% of clinical cases present with diarrhoea or clumping of faeces in the advanced stage of the disease (Stehman, 1996). Similar clinical signs occur in wild ruminants but acute paratuberculosis is often observed in young game animals followed by profuse diarrhoea leading to death in 2 weeks (Griffin, 1988).…”

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transmission and impact of paratuberculosis infection in domestic and wild ruminants

Ayele¹,

Macháčková²,

Pavlík³

2001

Vet. Med.

108

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) infects domestic cattle, sheep, goats, deer, camelids and wild ruminants leading to chronic enteritis known as paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease). The infection is chronic, progressive and unresponsive to treatment. Most infected animals do not develop clinical disease but may excrete the bacteria. Clinically sick animals suffer emaciation and in some species diarrhoea, followed by eventual death. During the course of the disease, excretion of M. paratuberculosis in faeces and milk occurs, and the organism spreads through the blood and lymph vessels of infected animals to multiple internal organs. The infection disseminates to both the female and male reproductive organs. Though M. paratuberculosis is not classified as a human pathogen, current opinions on the possible role of this mycobacteria in public health is discussed. This article attempts to review the ways and circumstances by which M. paratuberculosis is transmitted within an animal population and the importance of the disease on animal production. Published reports concerning the transmission and epidemiology of the disease are reviewed herein, and preventive and control measures are summarised.

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Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transmission and impact of paratuberculosis infection in domestic and wild ruminants

Ayele¹,

Macháčková²,

Pavlík³

2001

Vet. Med.

108

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“…Con un tiempo de generación mayor a 20 h, es una bacteria de crecimiento lento que requiere varias semanas de incubación antes que sus colonias sean detectables en los medios de cultivo 1,3,4 . Como las bacterias del género Mycobacterium, MAP posee un genoma rico en nucleótidos G+C y su pared celular tiene un alto contenido de ácidos micólicos.…”

Section: El Agenteunclassified

Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis y enfermedad de Crohn: evidencias de una zoonosis

et al. 2011

Rev. méd. Chile

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L a paratuberculosis bovina, también conocida como enfermedad de Johne, es una patología causada por la bacteria Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), que se caracteriza por una lesión intestinal crónica de carácter proliferativa 1 . Debido a las similitudes fi siopatológicas entre la infección de los bovinos y la enfermedad de Crohn (EC) en el humano, una asociación causal del MAP con ambas patologías ha sido sugerida desde hace algunos años, lo que ha generado controversia en la comunidad científi ca relacionada a la transmisión inter-especies 1,2 . En este trabajo se revisan exhaustivamente los hallazgos más representativos y recientes que dan cuenta de esta controversia, y se describen brevemente los antecedentes en Chile que explican la necesidad de realizar estudios en este ámbito. El agenteMAP es un patógeno intracelular facultativo, Gram positivo, ácido alcohol resistente, aerobio y cuya temperatura óptima de crecimiento es 37ºC. Con un tiempo de generación mayor a 20 h, es una bacteria de crecimiento lento que requiere varias semanas de incubación antes que sus colonias sean detectables en los medios de cultivo 1,3,4 . Como las bacterias del género Mycobacterium, MAP posee un genoma rico en nucleótidos G+C y su pared celular tiene un alto contenido de ácidos micólicos. Como característica especie-específi ca destacan su dependencia del sideróforo micobactina para el crecimiento in vitro y la presencia del segmento de inserción IS900 en su genoma, que se ha utilizado para la detección específi ca de este patógeno 1,5 .MAP es capaz de infectar una amplia variedad

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“…Calves under one year are more susceptible for the disease and ingestion of feed contaminated with infected materials is the primary cause of infection [3,4]. Clinically positive cattle shed the organism in feces [5,6] and milk [7] which results in greater risk for animal as well as human exposure. The histopathological and clinical similarities between JD and Crohn's disease (CD) in humans had created the apprehension that MAP might be a zoonotic organism [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paratuberculosis: Diagnostic Methods and their Constraints

Mohana¹,

P²

2015

J Veterinar Sci Technol

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Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) is a chronic intestinal disease of ruminants and the disease is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). The disease has a prolonged pre-patent period and the clinical symptoms of the disease are apparent only during the later stages of the disease. However, the infected animal can shed the organism much before the clinical disease with the risk of spreading the disease to other susceptible animals. The disease manifestation is in four stages with each of these stages requiring a different diagnostic method. During the early stages of the disease Cell mediated immune response (CMI) is higher, and shedding of the organism and serum antibody response is absent or minimized. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response upon injection of Johnin purified protein derivative (Johnin PPD) in the skin of the animal and interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) is the common CMI based tests for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis. As the disease progress, CMI response reduces and humoral response predominates with progressively increased shedding of the organism. ELISA based tests are commercially available to detect the MAP specific antibodies in serum or milk, and nucleic acid detection methods are used to identify the organism. However, all these CMI and humoral antibody based tests have advantages and disadvantages. It is essential to apply a combination of these tests to detect or rule out the disease in farms of endemic countries.

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Paratuberculosis in Small Ruminants, Deer, and South American Camelids

Cited by 84 publications

References 34 publications

The transmission and impact of paratuberculosis infection in domestic and wild ruminants

The transmission and impact of paratuberculosis infection in domestic and wild ruminants

Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis y enfermedad de Crohn: evidencias de una zoonosis

Paratuberculosis: Diagnostic Methods and their Constraints

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