“…2 F–H, N). To confirm the presence of myofibroblasts in AVFs, sham operated IVCs and AVFs were stained for ITGB6, which is a marker of fibrosis and the transition to myofibroblasts (Liu et al 2021 ; Tatler et al 2016 ; Khan and Marshall 2016 ). In sham operated IVCs, ITGB6 was rarely expressed in the intima and media (F i g. 2 I).…”