2002

DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1797.2002.00007-1-69.x

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Parathyroid Hormone Has a Prosclerotic Effect on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

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Tim D. Hewitson

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Kristen J. Kelynack

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et al.

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Discussion2

Nonclassical Symptoms and Risk Factors Associated With Phpt1

Current Status Of Knowledge1

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Cited by 29 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Others have suggested that PTH stimulates secretion of aldosterone and cortisol from the adrenal cortex 20. Other hypothesized mechanisms for PTH to induce hypertension include endothelial dysfunction,21 increased sympathetic activity,22 or a direct effect on vascular smooth muscle cells 23. Increased arterial wall stiffness, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, has been found to be elevated in patients with HPT 24.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parathyroidectomy decreases systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

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et al. 2009

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Background-Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of parathyroidectomy on systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP) in hypertensive patients with PHPT.

“…Others have suggested that PTH stimulates secretion of aldosterone and cortisol from the adrenal cortex 20. Other hypothesized mechanisms for PTH to induce hypertension include endothelial dysfunction,21 increased sympathetic activity,22 or a direct effect on vascular smooth muscle cells 23. Increased arterial wall stiffness, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, has been found to be elevated in patients with HPT 24.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parathyroidectomy decreases systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

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,

²

,

³

et al. 2009

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Background-Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of parathyroidectomy on systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP) in hypertensive patients with PHPT.

“…Results from epidemiological and experimental studies suggest a causal link between increased plasma levels of PTH and cardiovascular disease . In addition to acting as the key regulator of the calcium homoeostasis, PTH exerts a positive, inotropic effect mediated by an increasing heart rate and coronary, arterial vasodilatation.…”

Section: Nonclassical Symptoms and Risk Factors Associated With Phptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary hyperparathyroidism: should surgery be performed on all patients? Current evidence and residual uncertainties

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2018

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Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is the third most common endocrine disease and is characterized by hypercalcaemia and elevated or inappropriately ‘normal’ levels of the parathyroid hormone (PTH). The main target organs of PTH are the skeletal system and the kidneys. Before the 1970s, pHPT was a rarely detected disease associated with notable morbidity and premature mortality. Introduction of biochemical screening, allowing for a wide range of indications, has contributed to the detection of the full spectrum of the disease. A new entity with an isolated elevation of PTH, normocalcaemic HP, has emerged and is currently being explored. The highest incidence of pHPT, 3–5%, is observed amongst women, and the prevalence increases with age. The female‐to‐male ratio is 3–4 : 1 except in younger patients where distribution is equal and known hereditary causes account for approximately 10% of the cases. In the last few decades, it has become evident that fewer patients than previously believed are truly asymptomatic. The cause of pHPT is often a benign tumour, a parathyroid adenoma, and the only definite treatment is parathyroidectomy (PTX). No medical treatment, single or combined, can achieve a curing of pHPT. Recent data indicate that PTX, despite being proven to be cost‐effective compared to conservative treatment, is underutilized, especially in elderly pHPT patients. The decision of PTX should always be based on a safe diagnosis, and the potential benefits of curative treatment should not be outweighed by the risks of surgery or anaesthesia.

“…Angiotensin II is a stimulator of aldosterone secretion and therefore a catalyst for hypertension when elevated (51). Increases in PTH have been demonstrated to stimulate calcium influx in vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to contraction and increased vascular resistance (70). The suppressive effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on PTH (51) may limit calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle cells, therefore contributing to its effects on blood pressure by promoting vascular relaxation.…”

Section: Current Status Of Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy Components and Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Syndrome: Recent Evidence and Opportunities for Future Research

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et al. 2011

Advances in Nutrition

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Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS), a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes, affects over one-third of American adults and accounts for billions of dollars in health care costs annually. Current evidence indicates an inverse association between consumption of dairy foods and risk of CMS and its related disease outcomes. Although the specific mechanism(s) underlying the beneficial effects of dairy consumption on the development of CMS, CVD, and type 2 diabetes have not been fully elucidated, there is evidence that specific components within dairy such as milkfat, vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and whey proteins may be individually or collectively involved. Specifically, each of these dairy components has been implicated as having a neutral or beneficial effect on one or more elements of CMS, including the serum lipid profile, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and body composition. Although several mechanisms have been identified by which components in dairy may beneficially affect symptoms associated with CMS, further research is required to better understand how dairy and its components may contribute to metabolic health. The purpose of this review is to present the mechanisms by which specific dairy components modulate risk factors for CMS and identify opportunities for future research.

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