Parasympathetic Tone Changes in Anesthetized Horses after Surgical Stimulation, and Morphine, Ketamine, and Dobutamine Administration

Ruíz‐López, Patricia; Morgaz, Juán; Quirós‐Carmona, Setefilla; Navarrete‐Calvo, Rocío; Domínguez, Juan M.; Gómez-Villamandos, R.J.; Granados, María del Mar

doi:10.3390/ani12081038

Cited by 5 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…One study used two different doses ( 8 ); however, both lower than used in this study. The other studies used same or higher doses than used in our study ( 2 , 9 , 11 ). One study in horses found a significant decrease in MAP after intravenous injection of morphine ( 11 ) and similar decreases have been shown in other species ( 3 – 5 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The cardiovascular effect of morphine after intravenous injection in horses is only investigated to some extent ( 2 , 6 – 11 ), and this is one of the first studies investigating the cardiovascular effect of morphine in horses during general anesthesia. This study established 95% confidence intervals for the possible effect of morphine upon MAP, HR, and OE in anesthetized horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to other studies examining morphine's cardiovascular effects in horses, this study differs in multiple ways. Our study investigated morphine's cardiovascular effect immediately after administration whereby other studies investigated the effect 2 ( 8 ), 10 ( 2 , 11 ), and 30 ( 9 ) min after administration. The study measuring the IBP and HR 2 min after administration of morphine or placebo only did one measurement within the first 5 min ( 8 ) whereby our study do one every minute the first 5 min.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cats, increased histamine release and decreased blood pressure have been described ( 4 , 5 ). The cardiovascular effect of intravenous morphine in horses has been investigated to some extent ( 2 , 6 – 11 ). Three studies have investigated the cardiovascular response to morphine in conscious horses, reporting increases in heart rate (HR) and invasive blood pressure (IBP) ( 6 , 7 , 10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the studies examining the cardiovascular response to morphine during general anesthesia in horses did not detect a significant difference in IBP and HR between horses receiving morphine before or during anesthesia ( 8 ), during anesthesia ( 2 , 9 ) or when different doses were administered during anesthesia ( 2 ). However, one study found a significant decrease in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and increase in oxygen extraction (OE) ratio but no change in HR after administration of morphine 0.2 mg kg −1 ( 11 ). One study in horses investigated immediate cardiovascular changes by recording cardiovascular variables only once 2 min after injection of morphine ( 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiovascular effects of intravenous morphine in anesthetized horse

2022

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ObjectivesTo investigate whether morphine causes a change in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) heart rate (HR) and oxygen extraction (OE) rate in healthy horses anesthetized with isoflurane and a dexmedetomidine infusion.Material and methodsThe study design was prospective clinical, randomized, blinded two groups including 33 horses. All horses were sedated with romifidine IV, and anesthesia was induced with midazolam IV and ketamine IV and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen and medical air and a dexmedetomidine infusion. As a baseline venous and arterial blood, HR and MAP were sampled. Thereafter either morphine 0.1 mg kg−1 IV or an equivalent volume of NaCl 0.9% IV was administered. HR and MAP were then further sampled for 5 min before venous and arterial blood was again sampled. OE was calculated based upon arterial and venous blood gas analysis. To evaluate the change in minimum MAP, mean HR, and OE, the differences between baseline and observation period values were further termed delta MAP, delta HR, and delta OE. Individual delta MAPs were normalized to the minimum baseline value and are reported as a percentage. Alpha was set to 0.05. Confidence intervals 95% (CI) were calculated for delta MAP, delta HR, and delta OE within groups, and for the difference between groups.ResultsThe 95% CIs for delta MAP (%), delta HR (min−1), and delta OE (mL/dL) in the morphine group were −20.5 to −9.0, 0.6 to 3.1, and −0.1 to 0.6 and in the placebo group were −17.4 to −10.1, 0.2 to 2.0, and −0.2 to 0.3, respectively. The 95% CI for the differences in delta MAP (%), delta HR (min−1), and delta OE (mL/dL) were −5.5 to 7.6, −2.3 to 0.7, and −0.7 to 0.2, respectively. The minimum MAP of one horse in the morphine group decreased around 50% between baseline and observation period with almost unchanged OE and HR.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThe effects of morphine 0.1 mg kg−1 IV on HR, MAP, and OE in healthy horses anesthetized with isoflurane and a CRI of dexmedetomidine are minimal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiovascular effects of intravenous morphine in anesthetized horse

2022

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Evaluation of the averaged parasympathetic tone activity and its dynamic variation to assess intraoperative nociception in relation to hemodynamic changes in dogs

Ruíz‐López

Domínguez

Morgaz

et al. 2023

Veterinary Quarterly

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This study aimed to determine the performance of the averaged parasympathetic tone activity (PTAm) and its dynamic variation (ΔPTA) to assess intraoperative nociception in relation to heart rate (HR) and direct mean arterial pressure (MAP) in dogs undergoing laparoscopic ovariectomy. This prospective, observational, clinical study included 32 bitches. The PTAm, HR, MAP, and bispectral index (BIS) were assessed before (pre-stimulus), as well as 1 min and 2 min after, four surgical stimuli: insufflation, introduction of trocars, and removal of the left and right ovaries. A two-way ANOVA was performed to compare PTAm, HR, MAP, and BIS data across surgical stimuli. A ≥ 20% drop in PTAm or a ≥ 20% increase in HR and/or MAP regarding the pre-stimulus values was considered a PTAm-drop and/or a hemodynamic response, respectively. The performance of PTAm pre-stimulus, PTAm 1 min, and ΔPTA in predicting the hemodynamic response was assessed by calculation of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. At insufflation, PTAm decreased after 1 ( p = 0.010) and 2 ( p = 0.045)min, and ΔPTA was different ( p = 0.005) between dogs that presented hemodynamic response and dogs that did not. At PTAm-drop, MAP increased after 1 min ( p = 0.001) and 2 min ( p = 0.001) with respect to pre-stimulus value, whereas HR and BIS did not change. ROC curves showed a threshold value of PTAm pre-stimulus ≤51 to detect hemodynamic response (sensitivity 69%, specificity 52%). The PTAm and ΔPTA only assessed intraoperative nociception during insufflation. The PTAm pre-stimulus association to the hemodynamic response in anaesthetized dogs showed poor sensitivity and no specificity.

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Validation of a new smart textiles biotechnology for heart rate variability monitoring in sheep

et al. 2022

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Robust Animal-Based Measures (ABMs) are fundamental in order to assess animal welfare, however in semi-extensive sheep farming systems is not easy to collect ABMs without inducing additional stress in the animals. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive technique of assessing stress levels related to animal welfare. It is considered a sensitive indicator of the functional regulatory characteristics of the autonomic nervous system. Several studies investigated the use of HRV for welfare assessment in dairy cows while research on sheep is scarce. Moreover, assessing HRV in small ruminants at pasture is critical because of the lack of a solution adoptable for field conditions. This study aimed to evaluate if a smart textiles technology is comparable to a Standard base-apex electrocardiogram (ECG) for measuring HRV in small ruminants. Eight healthy Massese dairy sheep were recruited. Standard base-apex ECG and smart textiles technology (Smartex ECG) were simultaneously acquired for 5 min in the standing, unsedated, unclipped sheep. The ECG tracings were recorded when animals were standing quietly. The Bland-Altman test and the linear regression analysis were applied after parameter extraction in time, frequency, and non-linear methods to compare Smartex against standard base-apex ECG systems. The Bland-Altman test was applied to all HRV extracted parameters (Mean RR, pNN50, RMSSD, LF/HF, SampEn, SD1, SD2, stdRR) to evaluate the agreement between the two different instruments, and a linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the two methods. The smart textiles biotechnology was simple to wear and clean. It can be worn without using glue and without shaving the sheep's wool, limiting animal handling and stress. Bland Altman test reported a robust agreement between the two systems. In fact, the regression analysis of HRV parameters showed that half of the parameters recorded had an R2 coefficient >0.75. Results also showed a very small reproducibility coefficient that indicated that the two methods were really close to each other. Smartex textiles technology can be used for HRV evaluation in sheep species as a potential ABM for animal welfare assessment.

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Parasympathetic Tone Changes in Anesthetized Horses after Surgical Stimulation, and Morphine, Ketamine, and Dobutamine Administration

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Cardiovascular effects of intravenous morphine in anesthetized horse

Cardiovascular effects of intravenous morphine in anesthetized horse

Evaluation of the averaged parasympathetic tone activity and its dynamic variation to assess intraoperative nociception in relation to hemodynamic changes in dogs

Validation of a new smart textiles biotechnology for heart rate variability monitoring in sheep

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