Paraspecific neutralization of the venom of African species of cobra by an equine antiserum against Naja melanoleuca: A comparative study

Casasola, Andrea; Ramos‐Cerrillo, Blanca; Roodt, Adolfo Rafael de; Saucedo, Alejandro Carbajal; Chippaux, Jean-Philippe; Alagón, Alejandro; Stock, Roberto P.

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.01.011

Cited by 56 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It is common for pit viper antivenoms to have a neutralizing potency of 3-10 mg venom/mL (Ramos-Cerrillo et al, 2008;Segura et al, 2010;Leong et al, 2014). However, for Asiatic cobra antivenoms (including NPAV), the typical neutralizing potency is 0.5-2 mg venom/mL (Leong et al, 2012a,b;Ramos-Cerrillo et al, 2008;Casasola et al, 2009).…”

Section: The Issue Of Low Potency Of Npav Against Asiatic Cobra Venomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological cross-reactivity and neutralization of the principal toxins of Naja sumatrana and related cobra venoms by a Thai polyvalent antivenom (Neuro Polyvalent Snake Antivenom)

et al. 2015

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Section: The Issue Of Low Potency Of Npav Against Asiatic Cobra Venomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological cross-reactivity and neutralization of the principal toxins of Naja sumatrana and related cobra venoms by a Thai polyvalent antivenom (Neuro Polyvalent Snake Antivenom)

et al. 2015

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“…melanoleuca antivenom alone is unable to neutralize the lethal activity of N . mossambica [ 32 ]. N .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Equine IgG Antivenoms against Major Snake Groups in Mozambique

et al. 2016

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BackgroundSnake envenoming is a significant public health problem in underdeveloped and developing countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, it is estimated that 90,000–400,000 envenomations occur each year, resulting in 3,500–32,000 deaths. Envenomings are caused by snakes from the Viperidae (Bitis spp. and Echis spp.) and Elapidae (Naja spp. and Dendroaspis spp.) families. The African continent has been suffering from a severe antivenom crisis and current antivenom production is only sufficient to treat 25% of snakebite cases. Our aim is to develop high-quality antivenoms against the main snake species found in Mozambique.MethodsAdult horses primed with the indicated venoms were divided into 5 groups (B. arietans; B. nasicornis + B. rhinoceros; N. melanoleuca; N. mossambica; N. annulifera + D. polylepis + D. angusticeps) and reimmunized two times for antivenom production. Blood was collected, and plasma was separated and subjected to antibody purification using caprylic acid. Plasmas and antivenoms were subject to titration, affinity determination, cross-recognition assays and in vivo venom lethality neutralization. A commercial anti-Crotalic antivenom was used for comparison.ResultsThe purified antivenoms exhibited high titers against B. arietans, B. nasicornis and B. rhinoceros (5.18 x 106, 3.60 x 106 and 3.50 x 106 U-E/mL, respectively) and N. melanoleuca, N. mossambica and N. annulifera (7.41 x 106, 3.07 x 106 and 2.60 x 106 U-E/mL, respectively), but lower titers against the D. angusticeps and D. polylepis (1.87 x 106 and 1.67 x 106 U-E/mL). All the groups, except anti-N. melanoleuca, showed significant differences from the anti-Crotalic antivenom (7.55 x 106 U-E/mL). The affinity index of all the groups was high, ranging from 31% to 45%. Cross-recognition assays showed the recognition of proteins with similar molecular weight in the venoms and may indicate the possibility of paraspecific neutralization. The three monospecific antivenoms were able to provide in vivo protection.ConclusionOur results indicate that the anti-Bitis and anti-Naja antivenoms developed would be useful for treating snakebite envenomations in Mozambique, although their effectiveness should to be increased. We propose instead the development of monospecific antivenoms, which would serve as the basis for two polyvalent antivenoms, the anti-Bitis and anti-Elapidae. Polyvalent antivenoms represent an increase in treatment quality, as they have a wider range of application and are easier to distribute and administer to snake envenoming victims.

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“…Detailed knowledge of venom components present in Bothrops and Bothriechis venoms has the ability to improve treatment for those receiving an envenomation [ 12 , 15 , 84 , 126 , 130 , 140 , 141 ]. This is an important task as the two genera are responsible for a considerable number of bites [ 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ] and knowledge of inter and intraspecific venom variation is crucial for optimizing neutralization capabilities of antivenoms cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canopy Venom: Proteomic Comparison among New World Arboreal Pit-Viper Venoms

Debono

Cochran

Kuruppu

et al. 2016

Toxins

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Central and South American pitvipers, belonging to the genera Bothrops and Bothriechis, have independently evolved arboreal tendencies. Little is known regarding the composition and activity of their venoms. In order to close this knowledge gap, venom proteomics and toxin activity of species of Bothriechis, and Bothrops (including Bothriopsis) were investigated through established analytical methods. A combination of proteomics and bioactivity techniques was used to demonstrate a similar diversification of venom composition between large and small species within Bothriechis and Bothriopsis. Increasing our understanding of the evolution of complex venom cocktails may facilitate future biodiscoveries.

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Paraspecific neutralization of the venom of African species of cobra by an equine antiserum against Naja melanoleuca: A comparative study

Cited by 56 publications

References 29 publications

Immunological cross-reactivity and neutralization of the principal toxins of Naja sumatrana and related cobra venoms by a Thai polyvalent antivenom (Neuro Polyvalent Snake Antivenom)

Immunological cross-reactivity and neutralization of the principal toxins of Naja sumatrana and related cobra venoms by a Thai polyvalent antivenom (Neuro Polyvalent Snake Antivenom)

Development of Equine IgG Antivenoms against Major Snake Groups in Mozambique

Canopy Venom: Proteomic Comparison among New World Arboreal Pit-Viper Venoms

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