Parasitoides (Hymenoptera) De Moscas-Das-Frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) No Semiárido Do Estado Do Ceará, Brasil

Abstract

RESUMO -As moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae), Anastrepha spp. e Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), são importantes pragas da fruticultura no Brasil. Para desenvolver um sistema sustentável de manejo integrado para este grupo de pragas, é fundamental conhecer os parasitoides (Hymenoptera) que podem regular as populações destes tefritídeos. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a diversidade, a distribuição geográfica e as relações tritróficas dos himenópteros parasitoides de moscas-das-frutas, na região do Baixo Jaguaribe, no semiárido do Estado do Ceará, Brasil. Foram realizadas coletas de frutos em sete municípios da região, no período de maio de 2010 a maio de 2013. Os frutos foram levados para o laboratório, onde foram contados, pesados, colocados em bandejas plásticas com vermiculita e fechadas com tecido voile. Após sete dias, a vermiculita foi peneirada para a obtenção dos pupários das moscas-das-frutas que, em seguida, foram contados e acondicionados em placas de Petri, onde permaneceram até a emergência dos adultos (moscas e/ou parasitoides). Quatro espécies de parasitoides foram encontradas: Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), Opius bellus Gahan, Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) (Braconidae) e Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri (Eulophidae), sendo o mais frequente e com maior distribuição geográfica na região, D. areolatus. Doryctobracon areolatus foi mais comum em associação com espécies de Anastrepha -A. sororcula Zucchi, A. obliqua (Mcquart) e A. zenildae Zucchi, em frutos nativos e com C. capitata em frutos exóticos. Tetrastichus giffardianus foi obtido apenas em associação com C. capitata, em frutos nativos e exóticos. Estas informações podem servir de base para inserção de parasitoides em futuros programas de manejo integrado de moscas-das-frutas, nas condições do Semiárido brasileiro. Termos para Indexação: Fruticultura, Insetos, Diversidade, Controle Biológico. PARASITOIDS (HYMENOPTERA) OF FRUIT FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) IN SEMIARID AMBIENT, IN THE STATE OF CEARÁ, BRASILABSTRACT -Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), Anastrepha spp. and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), are important pests of Brazilian fruit-growing. In order to develop a system of pests integrated management in any region, it is essential to know the parasitoids (Hymenoptera) which can regulate the populations of these tefritids. Therefore the objectives of this study were to know the diversity, geographic distribution and tritrophic relations of the hymenoptera parasitoids of fruit flies, in Baixo Jaguaribe region, located in Ceará semiarid, Brazil. Thus, fruits were collected in seven counties of the region, from May 2010 to May 2013. The fruits were taken to the laboratory, where they were counted, weighted, put in plastic trays with vermiculite and closed with voile. After seven or ten days, the vermiculite was sieved to obtain the puparium of the fruit flies. The puparium were counted and put in Petri dish, where they stayed until the emergence of the adults (flies and/or parasitoids). Four species of parasitoids...

Fruit Flies and Their Parasitoids in the Fruit Growing Region of Livramento De Nossa Senhora, Bahia, With Records of Unprecedented Interactions

“…Ferreira et al (2003) found the D. areolatus species associated with "Imperial" and "Tommy Atkins" mango fruits, with the highest frequency (94.1%) occurring in fruits of the "Imperial" variety. Of the 71 specimens of parasitoids found in the fruit growing region of Anagé, Bahia, 63 (88.7%) were of the D. areolatus species, being the most abundant (SÁ et al, 2012b), a fact also reported in other studies (ALVARENGA et al, 2009;MARSARO JÚNIOR et al, 2011a;ARAÚJO et al, 2015).…”

Populational dynamics of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in guava orchards in the Northwest region of Esprito Santo, Brazil

“…Considering that the main form to control tephritidae in the orchards is through the application of insecticides (Härter et al, 2010), this low natural parasitism may be related to the frequent use of agrochemicals adopted as a management practice by the farmers. Araújo et al (2015) also found a small number of parasitoids, possibly due to the drought that occurred during the study period and also insecticides that were applied in conventional orchards. In addition to the use of agrochemicals, other factors may have contributed to the low natural parasitism found in this study, such as the host fruit and climate.…”

“…In addition to the use of agrochemicals, other factors may have contributed to the low natural parasitism found in this study, such as the host fruit and climate. Araújo et al (2015) emphasized that the species composition of parasitoids in a region can vary considerably, depending on a series of factors such as: climate, fruit flies diversity and infested fruits, among other aspects.…”

Fruit flies and parasitoids associated with guava in Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil

“…April, possibly due to a greater abundance and diversity of fruit flies then ( Table 1). The species Doryctobracon areolatus, Opius bellus, and Utetes anastrephae are also common in other Brazilian regions, parasitizing guava fruit fly larvae (Araujo et al, 2015). These species were already recorded in the region of Cariri in guavas (Azevedo et al, 2013).…”

“…Information on the population dynamics of fruit flies and their relation to biotic and abiotic factors must be gathered and properly interpreted, enabling the effectiveness of each region's control programs for regional control (Aluja et al, 2012). For instance, in the semiarid region of Ceará, braconids of the genera Doryctobracon (Szépligeti, 1911), Utetes (Viereck, 1913), and Opius (Lima, 1938) are common natural fruit fly parasitoids (Jahnke et al, 2014;Araujo et al, 2015).…”