Parasitoid Niches ofEncarsia formosaandEncarsia Lycopersici(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) ExploitingTrialeurodes vaporariorum(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Grille, Gabriela; Lorenzo, Maria E.; Burla, Juan P.; Franco, Jorge; Basso, C.

doi:10.1653/024.095.0431

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Competitive interactions within parasitoid guilds in the same ecosystem could have an influence on biological control (Boivin & Brodeur 2006). For example, Grille et al (2012) found that the parasitism of the parasitoid Encarsia lycopersici (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on the different stages of the greenhouse whitefly was higher than that of E. Formosa (Gahan, 1924) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), which can be a competitive advantage in exploiting the host pest (Grille et al 2012). Conversely, several augmentative biological control studies have been reported for different crop systems: in fruit systems, to control the codling moth ( F O N T A G R O 2 0 0 1 ) o r t h e c i t r u s l e a f m i n e r s (Buenahora & Rubio 2009), and, in forestry systems, to control the eucalyptus bronze bug (Martínez et al 2018).…”

Section: Uruguaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of Agricultural Habitats to Improve Conservation Biological Control in South America

et al. 2019

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Section: Uruguaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of Agricultural Habitats to Improve Conservation Biological Control in South America

et al. 2019

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“…Encarsia formosa Gahan is a cosmopolitan and commercially important parasitoid of B. tabaci and other whiteflies, and has been widely used to reduce whitefly damage to crops (Gerling et al, 2001 ; Grille et al, 2012 ; Liu et al, 2015 , 2016 ). Parasitism of B. tabaci by E. formosa is affected by the developmental stage of Q and B biotypes (Liu et al, 2016 ) and may also be affected by infection of host plants by TYLCV (Liu et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus-Infected Plants Altered the Host Selection of Encarsia formosa, a Parasitoid of Whiteflies

et al. 2017

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The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is one of the most invasive pest species worldwide. Q and B biotypes are the two most devastating species within the B. tabaci complex. Bemisia tabaci can vector hundreds of plant viruses that seriously threaten crop production. Endoparasitoid, Encarsia formosa Gahan, is widely used to control whiteflies, however, little is known about the effects of virus-infected plants on E. formosa parasitism of B. tabaci. Here, we reported that tomato, which was infected with Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV), altered the host selection of E. formosa between B. tabaci Q and B biotypes. On healthy tomato plants, parasitism and host selection by E. formosa did not differ between the 3rd-instar nymphs of B. tabaci Q and B biotypes. On TYLCV-infected tomato plants, however, B. tabaci Q biotype were significantly more attractive to E. formosa than B biotype. When TYLCV-infected tomato plants were infested with B. tabaci Q or B biotype, volatile profiles differed quantitatively but not qualitatively. Olfactometer assays suggested that the preference of E. formosa to Q over B biotype was associated with an elevated level of β-Myrcene, β-Ocimene, β-Caryophyllene, and α-Humulene from TYLCV-infected tomato plants.

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“…Biological control is an attractive alternative for the sustainable management of B. tabaci populations. Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is a uniparental (thelytokous) hymenopteran parasitoid ( Agekyan, 1982 ) that has been used commercially for the augmentative biological control of whiteflies infesting greenhouse crops, including B. tabaci and the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) ( Hoddle, Van Driesche & Sanderson, 1998 ; Gerling, Alomar & Arno, 2001 ; Grille et al, 2012 ; Liu, Stansly & Gerling, 2015 ). Although studies have demonstrated that E. formosa can effectively parasitize whiteflies ( Hu, Gelman & Blackburn, 2002 ; Zhang et al, 2003 ; Takahashi, Filho & Lourencao, 2008 ; Zang & Liu, 2008 ; Wang et al, 2015 ), some factors including the parasitoid strain ( Zhang et al, 2003 ), the host instar ( Zhang et al, 2003 ; Urbaneja & Stansly, 2004 ; Wang et al, 2015 ), and the species on which the parasitoid was reared ( Johanna, Rott & Silvia, 2007 ; Dai et al, 2014 ; Wang et al, 2015 ) might substantially affect the fitness of E. formosa .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The suitability of biotypes Q and B ofBemisia tabaci(Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) at different nymphal instars as hosts forEncarsia formosaGahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Liu

Zhang

Xie

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is a solitary endoparasitoid that is commercially reared and released for augmentative biological control of whiteflies infesting greenhouse crops. In most areas in China, the invasive and destructive whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotype Q has replaced B. tabaci biotype B and has become dominant between the two. A better understanding of the suitability of different nymphal instars of B. tabaci biotypes Q and B as hosts for E. formosa is needed to improve the use of this parasitoid for biological control. Parasitism of the four nymphal instars of B. tabaci biotypes Q and B by the commercial strain of E. formosa mass reared on Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was assessed in the laboratory. The results indicated that E. formosa parasitized and successfully developed on all instars of both biotypes but performed best on the 3rd instar of B. tabaci biotype B and on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars of B. tabaci biotype Q. The host-feeding rate of the adult parasitoid was generally higher on nymphal instars of B. tabaci biotype Q than on the corresponding nymphal instars of biotype B and was significantly higher on the 2nd and 3rd instars. For both whitefly biotypes, the parasitoid’s immature developmental period was the longest on the 1st instar, intermediate on the 2nd and 3rd instars, and the shortest on the 4th instar. The parasitoid emergence rate was significantly lower on the 1st instar than on the other three instars and did not significantly differ between B. tabaci biotype B and biotype Q. Offspring longevity was greater on the 3rd and 4th instars than on the 1st instar and did not significantly differ between the two B. tabaci biotypes. The results indicate that commercially-produced E. formosa can parasitize all instars of B. tabaci biotypes B and Q, making this parasitoid a promising tool for the management of the two biotypes of B. tabaci present in China.

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Parasitoid Niches ofEncarsia formosaandEncarsia Lycopersici(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) ExploitingTrialeurodes vaporariorum(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Manipulation of Agricultural Habitats to Improve Conservation Biological Control in South America

Manipulation of Agricultural Habitats to Improve Conservation Biological Control in South America

Virus-Infected Plants Altered the Host Selection of Encarsia formosa, a Parasitoid of Whiteflies

The suitability of biotypes Q and B ofBemisia tabaci(Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) at different nymphal instars as hosts forEncarsia formosaGahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

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