Parasitofauna of ground-dwelling anurans from cocoa plantations in Ugboke, Edo State, Nigeria

Edo-Taiwo, O.; Aisien, M.S.O.

doi:10.4314/tzool.v18i1.3

Cited by 2 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The parasite burden recorded in H. occipitalis in this study is in sharp contrast to the report in the savannahmosaic zone of Edo State, Nigeria [24], where this frog harbored as many as 13 helminth species. This finding is similar to the report on specimens of this frog from the mangrove of the Niger Delta of Nigeria, where the holding ponds had acidic pH values ranging from 5.3-6.1 [58].…”

Section: Altered Environments Monoculture Plantationssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…For example, the Hoplobatrachus occipitalis caught from the acidic ponds were infected with only five helminth parasites, contrasting clearly with the same host collected from non-polluted locations in the rainforest and freshwater swamps [23] and in the derived savannah [24], where 12 to 13 parasites were recorded. This finding is similar, however, to those at the cocoa plantations at Ojo Camp, Ugboke [58], where only four helminth parasites were recorded. It is evident from these results that the prevailing acidic conditions in the ponds were unsuitable for parasite development and transmission.…”

Section: Polluted Environmentssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…An investigation of the helminth parasitic infections of leaf litter frogs (Arthroleptis and Phrynobatrachus spp.) and ground-dwelling anurans potently demonstrated the effects of pesticide and herbicide use on the pattern of helminth parasitic infections in these amphibians [57,58]. Despite the pesticide contamination of the leaf litter, high species richness and diversity of parasites (15 parasites) were recorded among the leaf-litter frogs [57].…”

Section: Altered Environments Monoculture Plantationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amphibian hosts parasitized were diverse; they included terrestrial species (Sclerophrys regularis, S. maculata, Ptychadena spp., Phrynobatrachus liberiensis and P. plicatus, see [59]), tree frogs (Hyperolius fusciventris, H. fusciventris burtoni, H. picturatus, H. sylvaticus, Afrixalus dorsalis, A. nigeriensis, Chiromantis rufescens, Amnirana albolabris, Leptopelis spiritusnoctis) and the clawed toad, Silurana tropicalis (see [63,81]). The cysts occurred either singly or in pairs [58,63,64], but in recent studies, cysts containing numerous cystacanths (60-70 larvae) in a cyst pack have been reported [62,83]. Aisien et al [62] remarked that multiple cystacanth recorded in the urbanized tropical rainforest at Diobu-Port Harcourt represented a parasitic adaptation to ensure effective delivery of infective stages in an unstable environment.…”

Section: Acathocephalamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological Scenarios and Parasite Diversity in Anurans of West Africa: A Review

2021

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This paper is a survey of the parasite diversity, prevalence and infection intensity in anurans in diverse ecological settings in West Africa. The settings included natural habitats (rainforests, freshwater creeks, Guinea and Sudan savannas), monoculture plantations (cocoa, cotton and oil palm), urbanized and urbanizing rainforest biotopes and polluted environments due to oil industry activities. The natural habitats had higher amphibian species diversity, moderate parasite prevalence and low infection intensity, showing a balance in the host/parasite relationship. These habitats yielded most of the monogeneans, among which were new species. The freshwater creek biotope had low amphibian diversity, but hosts from this environment harbored several parasite taxa, a situation attributed to a prolonged wet season, high environmental humidity and persistent breeding pools for insect vectors in this area. The monoculture plantations were characterized by high parasite prevalence but lower infection intensity. For example, in the Pendjari Biosphere Reserve in Bénin Republic, the Agricultural Zone (AZ) had higher parasite prevalence values, while the National Park (NP) and Buffer Zone (BZ) had higher infection intensities. Higher prevalence was attributed to the single or combined effects of vector population explosion, immune-suppression by agrochemicals, nutrient enrichment and eutrophication from fertilizer use. The lower infection intensity was attributed to the inhibitory effect of the pesticide-contaminated environment on the free-living larval stages of parasites. The adverse effect of pesticide contamination was also evident in the lower infection intensity recorded in the anurans from the cocoa plantations at Ugboke in comparison to those from the pesticide-free village settlement. Urbanization reduced host diversity and numbers and increased the vector population, resulting in unusually high parasite prevalence and infection intensities at Diobu and Port Harcourt and high prevalence recorded for Ophidascaris larvae in the anurans of Evbuabogun. Oil pollution in the mangrove community reduced both host and parasite diversity; infection intensity was also low due to the adverse conditions confronting free-living stages of parasites in their development milieu. The high prevalence values obtained for monogeneans (Polystoma spp.) in Ptychadena spp. from Ogoniland was presumed to have resulted from host tadpole sequestration and exposure to high oncomiracidia burden in the few hospitable ponds. Also reviewed is the phenomenon of amphibian paratenism, a strategy on which many helminth parasites rely on for their trophic transmission to their definitive hosts.

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Section: Altered Environments Monoculture Plantationssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Polluted Environmentssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Altered Environments Monoculture Plantationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acathocephalamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological Scenarios and Parasite Diversity in Anurans of West Africa: A Review

2021

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“…This report is part of a study undertaken to determine the helminth parasites of amphibians from cocoa plantations at Ugboke, Edo State (Edo-Taiwo, 2018). Two previous publications from this study have dealt with the parasitic infections of leaf litter frogs (Edo-Taiwo and Aisien, 2020a) and ground dwelling anurans (Edo-Taiwo and Aisien, 2020b) from these plantations. The present paper is focused on the helminth parasites of tree frogs collected from these cocoa plantations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic helminth fauna of tree frogs from cocoa plantations at Ugboke, Edo State, Nigeria

Edo-Taiwo¹,

Aisien²

2021

NJLS

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Cocoa pods are vulnerable to pest and diseases which often cause huge financial losses to farmers. To address this challenge and improve yield, cocoa farmers often resort to pesticide application on the cocoa trees. This leads to deposition of pesticides residues on the cocoa trees, the undergrowth and plantations floor with devastating consequences for amphibians including tree frogs. Previous studies have reported the immune suppressive nature of pesticides on anurans thereby rendering them more susceptible to infection. This study is part of an on-going investigation of the effect of pesticide application on the pattern of helminth parasitic infections of anurans in pesticide-treated cocoa plantations at Ugboke, Edo State. A total of 354 tree frogs belonging to three genera (Leptopelis, Hyperolius and Afrixalus), consisting of 14 species were examined. A high species richness (d=1.971) and diversity (H’=2.215) was recorded. Ten species (71.43%) of these frogs were infected while four (28.57%) were uninfected. The overall prevalence of parasitic infections was 30.23%. Thirteen helminth parasites including three cestodes, two digeneans and eight nematode species were recovered. A significantly higher (P<0.05) prevalence of infection was recorded during the wet season (31.64%) than in the dry (10.53%). There was high parasite diversity with low prevalence and infection intensity of infection as previously reported for other anurans collected from the same cocoa plantations

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Parasitofauna of ground-dwelling anurans from cocoa plantations in Ugboke, Edo State, Nigeria

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Ecological Scenarios and Parasite Diversity in Anurans of West Africa: A Review

Ecological Scenarios and Parasite Diversity in Anurans of West Africa: A Review

Parasitic helminth fauna of tree frogs from cocoa plantations at Ugboke, Edo State, Nigeria

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