Parasitization of fifth instar tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta, by the uzi fly, Blepharipa zebina; a host–parasitoid interaction and its effect on host’s nutritional parameters and parasitoid development

Rath, Sudhansu S.; Sinha, B. R. R. P.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2004.09.006

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Definitely, in most cases, the parasitized hosts have no reproduction potential and do not survive the interaction ( Dindo, 2011 ). In unsuitable hosts, even if host acceptance was successful, tachinids died whether for encapsulation or for unsuitability of the host resources ( Rath and Sinha, 2005 ). During tachinid larval development, the host often exhibits altered development, reproduction, and behavior ( Simões et al, 2004 ; Laws and Joern, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tachinid Parasitoid Exorista japonica on the Larval Development and Pupation of the Host Silkworm Bombyx mori

Dai

Jiang

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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The Tachinidae are natural enemies of many lepidopteran and coleopteran pests of crops, forests, and fruits. However, host-tachinid parasitoid interactions have been largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the effects of tachinids on host biological traits, using Exorista japonica, a generalist parasitoid, and the silkworm Bombyx mori, its lepidopteran host, as models. We observed that E. japonica parasitoidism did not affect silkworm larval body weight gain and cocooning rate, whereas they caused shortened duration of molting from the final instar to the pupal stage, abnormal molting from larval to pupal stages, and a subsequent decrease in host emergence rate. Moreover, a decrease in juvenile hormone (JH) titer and an increase in 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) titer in the hemolymph of parasitized silkworms occurred. The transcription of JH and 20E responsive genes was downregulated in mature parasitized hosts, but upregulated in parasitized prepupae while Fushi tarazu factor 1 (Ftz-f1), a nuclear receptor essential in larval ecdysis, showed dramatically reduced expression in parasitized hosts at both the mature and prepupal stages. Moreover, the transcriptional levels of BmFtz-f1 and its downstream target genes encoding cuticle proteins were downregulated in epidermis of parasitized hosts. Meanwhile, the content of trehalose was decreased in the hemolymph, while chitin content in the epidermis was increased in parasitized silkworm prepupae. These data reveal that the host may fine-tune JH and 20E synthesis to shorten developmental duration to combat established E. japonica infestation, while E. japonica silences BmFtz-f1 transcription to inhibit host pupation. This discovery highlights the novel target mechanism of tachinid parasitoids and provides new clues to host/tachinid parasitoid relationships.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tachinid Parasitoid Exorista japonica on the Larval Development and Pupation of the Host Silkworm Bombyx mori

Dai

Jiang

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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“…Furthermore, the parasite developmental period was significantly extended in larvae parasitized with 5 and 10 developing maggots per larva (mpl) as also observed in B. zebina 23 . The dermestid beetle, D. ater also damages the stored cocoons and pupae of A. mylitta during harvesting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Parasites-Predators:Their Occurrence and Invasive Impact on the Tropical Tasar Silkworm <I>Antheraea mylitta</I> (Drury) in the Zone of Central India

Gathalkar

Barsagade

2016

Current Science

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Tasar silk is produced by the wild silkworm Antheraea mylitta (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Owing to its inherent wild nature, the silkworm is exposed to a complex of parasites, predators and diseases that reduce the total silk production. Occurrence and invasion by three parasites and nine predators of A. mylitta are studied here. Moreover, on the basis of their attack and symptoms of parasitism and/or predation, percentage of crop loss (mortality) of A. mylitta is calculated. The parasites including Xanthopimpla pedator (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) were observed as a major pupal endoparasitoid of A. mylitta, which affects about 7-12% of tasar cocoon. In addition, the beetle Dermestes ater (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) also affects the pupa/cocoon of A. mylitta, while the Tachnid fly, Blepharipa sp., recognized as a larval-pupal parasite of the silkworm, cause about 1-2% and 2-3% of tasar crop loss respectively. Consequently, among the predators, Canthecona furcellata (Wolff) (Pentatomidae: Hemiptera), was observed as a major predator of A. mylitta that causes about 6-11% of tasar larval mortality. However, 2-3% and 3-4% of crop mortality occurs due to predation by Hierodula bipapilla (Serville) (Mantidae: Dictyoptera) and Vespa orientalis (Linnaeus) (Vespidae: Hymenoptera) respectively. The predatory ants Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius) (Formicidae: Hymenoptera) and Myrmicaria brunnea (Saunders) (Formicidae: Hymenoptera) also contribute to crop reduction by 4-5% and 3-5% respectively. Similarly, non-insect predators such as birds, lizards, squirrels, rats, etc. also affect the silkworm, which further reduces tasar silk production. Therefore, a survey was undertaken in the tasar rearing fields of Vidarbha, Maharashtra, India and the occurrence of the parasites and predators was studied.

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“…In some cases, parasitoids suppress host’s development and accelerate the host’s early-maturity [ 68 ], while, other parasitoids prolong host’s development to meet their own developmental needs. Previous studies have proposed that the wasp might control host’s development through regulating the juvenile hormone and ecdysone levels [ 69 , 70 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Sequencing-Based Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Mechanism of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Nymph Parasitized by Encarsia sophia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Wang

Xiao²,

Wang³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a genetically diverse complex with multiple cryptic species, and some are the most destructive invasive pests of many ornamentals and crops worldwide. Encarsia sophia is an autoparasitoid wasp that demonstrated high efficiency as bio-control agent of whiteflies. However, the immune mechanism of B. tabaci parasitization by E. sophia is unknown. In order to investigate immune response of B. tabaci to E. Sophia parasitization, the transcriptome of E. sophia parasitized B. tabaci nymph was sequenced by Illumina sequencing. De novo assembly generated 393,063 unigenes with average length of 616 bp, in which 46,406 unigenes (15.8% of all unigenes) were successfully mapped. Parasitization by E. sophia had significant effects on the transcriptome profile of B. tabaci nymph. A total of 1482 genes were significantly differentially expressed, of which 852 genes were up-regulated and 630 genes were down-regulated. These genes were mainly involved in immune response, development, metabolism and host signaling pathways. At least 52 genes were found to be involved in the host immune response, 33 genes were involved in the development process, and 29 genes were involved in host metabolism. Taken together, the assembled and annotated transcriptome sequences provided a valuable genomic resource for further understanding the molecular mechanism of immune response of B. tabaci parasitization by E. sophia.

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Parasitization of fifth instar tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta, by the uzi fly, Blepharipa zebina; a host–parasitoid interaction and its effect on host’s nutritional parameters and parasitoid development

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of Tachinid Parasitoid Exorista japonica on the Larval Development and Pupation of the Host Silkworm Bombyx mori

Effect of Tachinid Parasitoid Exorista japonica on the Larval Development and Pupation of the Host Silkworm Bombyx mori

Parasites-Predators:Their Occurrence and Invasive Impact on the Tropical Tasar Silkworm <I>Antheraea mylitta</I> (Drury) in the Zone of Central India

Deep Sequencing-Based Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Mechanism of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Nymph Parasitized by Encarsia sophia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

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