Parasitism of the oriental fruit moth<i>Grapholita molesta</i>(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): The New Zealand position in a world perspective

Russell, Derek

doi:10.1080/00779962.1987.9722506

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Because of this, they are far less likely to encounter suitable hosts than their winged counterparts, perhaps accounting for their remarkably low reproductive potential (Harvey 2008;Visser et al in preparation). At the same time, many Gelis species are known to have very broad host diets and are able to attack such diverse hosts as moth pupae and spider egg sacs in addition to parasitoid cocoons (Bezant 1956;Russell 1987;Cobb and Cobb 2004). By contrast, L. nana and A. nens are specialized on cocoons of in the genus Cotesia (Schwarz and Shaw 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-scale spatial resource partitioning in a hyperparasitoid community

Harvey

Snaas

Malcicka

et al. 2014

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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International audiencePlant-herbivore-natural enemy associations underpin ecological communities, and such interactions may go up to four (or even more) trophic levels. Here, over the course of a growing season, we compared the diversity of secondary hyperparasitoids associated with a common host, Cotesia glomerata, a specialized larval endoparasi-toid of cabbage butterfly caterpillars that in turn feed on brassicaceous plants. Cocoon clusters of C. glomerata were pinned to ~30 Brassica nigra plants by pinning them either to branches in the canopy (~1.5 m high) or to the base of the stem near the ground. The cocoons were collected a week later and reared to determine which hyper-parasitoid species emerged from them. This was done in four consecutive months (June–September). Cocoons placed in the canopy were primarily attacked by specialized winged hyperparasitoids (Lysibia nana, Acrolyta nens), whereas cocoons on the ground were attacked by both winged and generalist wingless hyperparasitoids (Gelis acarorum, G. agilis), although this changed with season. There was much more temporal variation in the diversity and number of species attacking cocoons in the canopy than on the ground; the abundance of L. nana and A. nens varied from month to month, whereas P. semotus was only prevalent in August. By contrast, G. acarorum was abundant in all of the samples placed near the ground. Our results show that hyperparasitoids partition host resources at remarkably small vertical spatial scales. We argue that spatial differences in the distribution of natural enemies can contribute to the diversity patterns observed in the field

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-scale spatial resource partitioning in a hyperparasitoid community

Harvey

Snaas

Malcicka

et al. 2014

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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“…The center of origin of G. molesta is thought to be in Northwest China from where its current distribution has expanded through international trade and transport of fruit material (Rothschild & Vickers, 1991; Komai, 1999; Zheng et al , 2013). Grapholita molesta was first reported in Australia around 1910 (Bailey, 1979), in Brasil in 1943 (Reis et al , 1988), in Chile in 1970 (González, 1980), in Spain and New Zealand in 1976 (Russell, 1987; Rubio et al , 1990), and in South Africa in 1990 (Blomefield & Geertsema, 1990). Grapholita molesta was first detected in the Eastern United States in 1913, and reported from California in 1942, and it is now found in all peach-growing areas of the USA and Canada (Rothschild & Vickers, 1991; Bellerose et al ., 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar worldwide patterns in the sex pheromone signal and response in the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Knight¹,

Barros-Parada

Bosch

et al. 2014

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The response of Grapholita molesta (Busck) males to three-component sex pheromone blends containing a 100% ratio of the major sex pheromone component, (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate and a 10% ratio of (Z)-8-dodecenol, but with varying ratios of (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (0.4, 5.4, 10.4, 30.4, and 100.1% E-blends) was tested with populations in eight stone and pome fruit orchards in Europe, Asia, and North and South America. Traps baited with the 5.4% E-blend caught significantly more males than traps with any other blend with all populations. Significantly more males were caught in traps baited with the 10.4% E-blend than in traps with the remaining blends, except with the 0.4% E-blend in Turkey. Significant differences in male moth catches occurred between the other blends with the 0.4>30.4% E-blend, and the 30.4>100.1% E-blend. Male moth catches with the 100.1% E-blend only differed from the hexane control in Chile. No apparent differences were noted to these blends in populations collected from pome or stone fruits. Flight tunnel assays to synthetic blends with a subset of populations were similar to the field results, but the breadth of the most attractive E-blends was wider. Flight tunnel assays also demonstrated a high level of male-female cross-attraction among field-collected populations. Female gland extracts from field-collected populations did not show any significant variation in their three-component blends. The only exceptions in these assays were that long-term laboratory populations were less responsive and attractive, and produced different blend ratios of the two minor components than recently collected field populations.

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“…For instance, the most frequently recorded winged hyperarasitoids of C. glomerata, L. nana and A. nens, are considered to be specialised on cocoons of Cotesia spp., and perhaps even on C. glomerata alone (Schwarz & Shaw, 2000;Harvey et al, 2009). By contrast, the Gelis species are considered to be extreme generalists that will attack hosts as phylogenetically divergent as spider egg sacs, moth pupae and parasitoid cocoons (Bezant, 1956;Russell, 1987;Cobb & Cobb, 2004). Search area covered per unit of time is clearly limited in wingless species, compared with winged species that can cover larger distances, and stronger specialisation would not be very beneficial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal diversity in hyperparasitoid communities of Cotesia glomerata on garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata

Heinen

Harvey

2018

Ecological Entomology

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1. Interactions between two trophic levels can be very intimate, often making species dependent on each other, something that increases with specialisation. Some specialised multivoltine herbivores may depend on multiple plant species for their survival over the course of a growing season, especially if their food plants are short-lived and grow at different times. Later generations may exploit different plant species from those exploited by previous generations.2. Multivoltine parasitoids as well as their natural enemies must also find their hosts on different food plants in different habitats across the season. Secondary hyperparasitoid communities have been studied on cocoons of the primary parasitoid, Cotesia glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), on black mustard (Brassica nigra) -a major food plant of its host, the large cabbage white (Pieris brassicae) -which grows in mid-summer.3. Here, hyperparasitoid communities on C. glomerata pupal clusters were studied on an early-season host, garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata, over 'time' (one season, April-July) in six closely located 'populations' (c. 2 km apart), and within two different 'areas' at greater separation (c. 100 km apart). At the plant level, spatial effects of pupal 'location' (canopy or bottom) on the plant were tested.4. Although large-scale separation (area) did not influence hyperparasitism, sampling time and small-scale separation (population) affected hyperparasitism levels and composition of hyperparasitoid communities. Location on the plant strongly increased proportions of winged species in the canopy and proportions of wingless species in bottom-located pupae.5. These results show that hyperparasitism varies considerably at the local level, but that differences in hyperparasitoid communities do not increase with spatial distance.

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Parasitism of the oriental fruit mothGrapholita molesta(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): The New Zealand position in a world perspective

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Small-scale spatial resource partitioning in a hyperparasitoid community

Small-scale spatial resource partitioning in a hyperparasitoid community

Similar worldwide patterns in the sex pheromone signal and response in the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Spatial and temporal diversity in hyperparasitoid communities of Cotesia glomerata on garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata

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