Parasitism in the Santalaceae

Endogenous hormone levels and anatomical characters of haustoria in Santalum album L. seedlings before and after attachment to the host

“…the haustorial gland) has been considered as a unique feature of Santalalean haustoria (Kuijt, 1969). Our work confirmed that the haustorial gland in S. album haustoria is a regular feature after the haustorium came into contact with the host root surface, although other studies documented that there was no haustorial gland or that it was an abnormality in S. album haustorial development (Barber, 1906;Rao, 1942).…”

“…CKs, Z and ZR, IAA, GAs, and ABA, differed considerably. The general anatomy of the S. album haustorium was similar to that described by Barber (1906Barber ( , 1907, Rao (1942), and Tennakoon and Cameron (2006).…”

“…However, no information exists on endogenous hormone levels in the haustoria of the xylem-feeding parasite, S. album, before and after attachment to the host, although there are a few basic studies on the anatomy and development of S. album haustoria (Barber, 1906(Barber, , 1907Rao, 1942;Tennakoon and Cameron, 2006). However, other studies also indicated that the haustorium of the same parasite attached to the potential host plant showed differences in histological structure (Rao, 1942;Pate et al, 1990;Rumer et al, 2007). Therefore, additional studies are necessary to clarify the mechanism even further.…”

Heterotrophic carbon gain and mineral nutrition of the root hemi-parasiteSantalum albumL. in pot culture with different hosts

“…Ca contents in hemi-parasites have been used to distinguish between phloem and xylem feeding parasites (Ziegler 1976;Tsivion 1978;Lamont and Southall 1982;Struthers et al 1986) due to Ca being relatively mobile in the xylem. As there is no lumen to lumen tracheary continuity between host and parasite in the haustoria of most root hemi-parasites (Rao 1942;Webb 1984;Pate et al 1990a;Riopel and Timko 1995;Tennakoon and Pate 1996b ), xylem transfer from host to parasite must involve the apoplastic pathway through haustoria cell walls (Coetzee and Fineran 1987;Kuo et al 1989;Pate et al 1994), with the additional possibility that parenchymatous cells at the haustoria interface with the host xylem might facilitate transfer of selectively absorbing host xylem solutes, and then release these and derived solutes to the xylem of the parasite (Radomiljac eta/. 1998c).…”

Host plants ofOsyris lanceolata(African Sandalwood) and their influence on its early growth performance in Tanzania

“…O. lanceolata is a hemiparasitic plant that requires the presence of a host plant to support its normal growth and survival (Kuijt, 1969;Herrera, 1988;Mbuya et al, 1994;Ruffo et al, 2002). Seed germination can take place without the influence of a host (Kuijt 1969), but the further development and survival of the seedling is not possible without a host (Rao, 1942;Metcalfe and Chalk, 1950;Kuijt 1969;Herrera, 1988;Mbuya et al, 1994). The hemi-parasitic nature of O. lanceolata is believed to be a survival strategy to acquire water and minerals in a dry environment where it is mostly found.…”