Parasitism and Hyperparasitism in<i>Melanaphis sacchari</i><sup />Zehntner in Sorghum<sup />in Mexico

Payán-Arzapalo, María Alejandra; Aíl-Catzim, Carlos Enrique; Luque, Roberto Gastélum; Liera, Juan Eulogio Guerra; Juárez, Moisés Gilberto Yáñez; Ahuja, María de Lourdes Ramírez

doi:10.3958/059.043.0214

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…It is the dominant parasitoid of greenbug on wheat in the Great Plains in Oklahoma and has also been detected preying on other cereal aphids in the Great Plains [ 18 , 32 ]. It has been detected preying on sugarcane aphid in Mexico [ 9 , 10 , 27 , 28 ]; however, its abundance in south Texas has been variable over the last several years (A.M.F., M.J.B. personal observation).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural enemies of M. sorghi have been detected from Mexico to Kansas, U.S., consisting of predators and parasitoids [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], and this complex is similar to that seen preying on other cereal aphids in the North American Great Plains [ 12 ]. From south to central Texas, where about 15% of U.S. sorghum is grown, and where this study is located, predators include nine lady beetle species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), brown lacewings (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae), five green lacewing species (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), three hoverfly species (Diptera: Syrphidae), and one minute pirate bug (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parasitoids and Predators of the Invasive Aphid Melanaphis sorghi Found in Sorghum and Non-Crop Vegetation of the Sorghum Agroecosystem

Faris

Brewer²,

Elliott³

2022

Insects

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Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald) (sorghum aphid), (=Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an invasive pest of Sorghum bicolor (L.) in North America. Over 19 species of predators and parasitoids have been found to prey on M. sorghi. Natural enemies may reside in vegetation such as sorghum in cultivation (in-season) and persist after harvest (off-season), in Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) (L.) and riparian areas consisting of shrubs and grasses, including Johnson grass. The objective was to assess the ability of these vegetation types to harbor M. sorghi natural enemies during and between annual grain sorghum production. Predator diversity was greatest in riparian vegetation in-season, with twelve species detected across seven families, and four orders of insects. Six lady beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) species were abundant in-season, and Cycloneda sanguinea (L.) persisted at relatively high abundance off-season. Parasitoid diversity was more limited (two primary parasitoids and one hyperparasitoid detected) with the primary parasitoids commonly detected. Aphelinus nigritus (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), accounted for 85% and 57% of parasitoids in- and off-season, respectively. Aphelinus nigritus abundance was steady across the annual sorghum season in all vegetation types. Results from this study will inform land-management strategies on how diverse vegetations can play a role in the biological control of M. sorghi.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitoids and Predators of the Invasive Aphid Melanaphis sorghi Found in Sorghum and Non-Crop Vegetation of the Sorghum Agroecosystem

Faris

Brewer²,

Elliott³

2022

Insects

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“…The parasitoid and predator species complex in the South region and two Great Plains regions did not change from those previously reported in central and south Texas ( 23 , 26 ) and overlapped and added to those observed in Kansas ( 22 ). A few additional braconid parasitoid species, such as Aphidius spp., and several additional species of coccinellids and syrphids were reported farther south in northeastern to westcentral Mexico ( 24 , 25 , 39 , 51 ). In the South E region, family-level taxa of predators reported in this study were consistent with those previously reported ( 38 , 52 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Enemies, Mediated by Landscape and Weather Conditions, Shape Response of the Sorghum Agroecosystem of North America to the Invasive Aphid Melanaphis sorghi

Brewer¹,

Elliott²,

Esquivel³

et al. 2022

Front. Insect Sci.

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The sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.]) agroecosystem of North America provided an opportunity to evaluate agroecosystem response to an invading insect herbivore, Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald) (sorghum aphid) (previously published as Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) onto a widely planted crop that experiences a range of agro-landscape and weather conditions. Initial sorghum risk assessments after M. sorghi's invasion in the mid-2010s provided forecasts of range expansion and annual migration, which were based on aphid life history, extent of sorghum cultivation and susceptibility to M. sorghi, and weather (aphid-plant-weather [APW] risk scenario). A more comprehensive risk assessment proposed here brings top-down forces of M. sorghi-natural enemy interactions to the forefront as mediated by agro-landscape and weather conditions (aphid-enemy/landscape-weather mediated [AE/LW] risk scenario). A hypothesis of regional differences in aphids and natural enemies and sensitivity to agro-landscape and weather was tested using empirical data of insect, landscape, and weather data across 5 years and four regions (two in the U.S. Great Plains [South GP and North GP], one farther south (South), and one in the southeast U.S. [South E]). Natural enemies were widespread with two parasitoids and four coccinellid species common across regions, but regional variation in M. sorghi and natural enemy abundance was detected. The AE/LW risk scenario accounted for natural enemy abundance and activity that was highest in the South region, functioned well across agro-landscape and weather conditions, and was accompanied by average low M. sorghi abundance (~23 M. sorghi per leaf). Positive correlations of natural enemy-M. sorghi abundance also occurred in the South GP region where M. sorghi abundance was low (~20 M. sorghi per leaf), and selected natural enemy activity appeared to be mediated by landscape composition. Melanaphis sorghi abundance was highest in the South E region (~136 aphids/leaf) where natural enemy activity was low and influenced by weather. The AE/LW risk scenario appeared suited, and essential in the South region, in assessing risk on a regional scale, and sets the stage for further modeling to generate estimates of the degree of influence of natural enemies under varying agro-landscape and weather conditions considered in the AE/LW risk scenario. Broadly, these findings are relevant in understanding agroecosystem resilience and recommending supportive management inputs in response to insect invasions in context of natural enemy activity and varied environmental conditions.

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Suppression of the Sugarcane Aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae), by Resident Natural Enemies on Susceptible and Resistant Sorghum Hybrids

Faris

Elliott

Brewer

2022

Environmental Entomology

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The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an invasive sorghum pest that has threatened over 90% of North American sorghum production. Resident parasitoids, coccinellids, syrphids, and lacewings prey on this aphid. Our objective was to compare and estimate parasitoid and predator suppression of sugarcane aphids placed on resistant and susceptible hybrids in a field setting using natural enemy exclusion cages. During 2018 and 2019 along the Texas Gulf Coast and Central Oklahoma, three natural enemy exclusion treatments—no exclusion (full access for parasitoids and predators), partial exclusion (access limited to parasitoids), and complete exclusion (excludes parasitoids and predators)—were used. The parasitoid Aphelinus nigritus Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) accounted for 90% of recovered natural enemies. In 2018, aphid suppression attributable to A. nigritus was ca. 95% on the resistant hybrids and 80% on the susceptible hybrids when comparing aphid counts from complete and partial exclusion treatments, while few predators were observed. In 2019, aphid suppression was attributed to a combination of predation and parasitism. Relatively more predators were recorded at both sites, accounting for 14% to 33% of specimens recovered in the no exclusion treatment. Aphid suppression attributed to predators and parasitoids ranged from 85% on aphid-resistant hybrids and 27% on susceptible hybrids in south Texas and >95% on both hybrids in Oklahoma when comparing aphid abundance in the complete and no exclusion treatments. Parasitism and predation contributed to aphid regulation on both hybrids, which may accrue multiple benefits leading to a more resilient sugarcane aphid management system.

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Parasitism and Hyperparasitism inMelanaphis sacchari^{Zehntner in Sorghum^{in Mexico}}

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Parasitoids and Predators of the Invasive Aphid Melanaphis sorghi Found in Sorghum and Non-Crop Vegetation of the Sorghum Agroecosystem

Parasitoids and Predators of the Invasive Aphid Melanaphis sorghi Found in Sorghum and Non-Crop Vegetation of the Sorghum Agroecosystem

Natural Enemies, Mediated by Landscape and Weather Conditions, Shape Response of the Sorghum Agroecosystem of North America to the Invasive Aphid Melanaphis sorghi

Suppression of the Sugarcane Aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae), by Resident Natural Enemies on Susceptible and Resistant Sorghum Hybrids

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Parasitism and Hyperparasitism inMelanaphis sacchariZehntner in Sorghumin Mexico

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Parasitoids and Predators of the Invasive Aphid Melanaphis sorghi Found in Sorghum and Non-Crop Vegetation of the Sorghum Agroecosystem

Parasitoids and Predators of the Invasive Aphid Melanaphis sorghi Found in Sorghum and Non-Crop Vegetation of the Sorghum Agroecosystem

Natural Enemies, Mediated by Landscape and Weather Conditions, Shape Response of the Sorghum Agroecosystem of North America to the Invasive Aphid Melanaphis sorghi

Suppression of the Sugarcane Aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae), by Resident Natural Enemies on Susceptible and Resistant Sorghum Hybrids

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Parasitism and Hyperparasitism inMelanaphis sacchari^{Zehntner in Sorghum^{in Mexico}}