Parasitic infections of anurans from an urbanized rainforest biotope in Diobu, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Aisien, M.S.O.; Sampson, S.A.; Amuzie, Chidinma Charity

doi:10.4314/njpar.v38i2.30

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Aisien et al [62] investigated the helminth parasitic fauna of the anurans on the grounds of a University campus situated in an area that once was a thriving rainforest biotope; over time, this area became urbanized, with several changes to its natural ecology. The campus was adorned with ornamental trees and flower hedges; the lawns were frequently maintained.…”

Section: Urbanized Rainforest Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amphibian hosts parasitized were diverse; they included terrestrial species (Sclerophrys regularis, S. maculata, Ptychadena spp., Phrynobatrachus liberiensis and P. plicatus, see [59]), tree frogs (Hyperolius fusciventris, H. fusciventris burtoni, H. picturatus, H. sylvaticus, Afrixalus dorsalis, A. nigeriensis, Chiromantis rufescens, Amnirana albolabris, Leptopelis spiritusnoctis) and the clawed toad, Silurana tropicalis (see [63,81]). The cysts occurred either singly or in pairs [58,63,64], but in recent studies, cysts containing numerous cystacanths (60-70 larvae) in a cyst pack have been reported [62,83]. Aisien et al [62] remarked that multiple cystacanth recorded in the urbanized tropical rainforest at Diobu-Port Harcourt represented a parasitic adaptation to ensure effective delivery of infective stages in an unstable environment.…”

Section: Acathocephalamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cysts occurred either singly or in pairs [58,63,64], but in recent studies, cysts containing numerous cystacanths (60-70 larvae) in a cyst pack have been reported [62,83]. Aisien et al [62] remarked that multiple cystacanth recorded in the urbanized tropical rainforest at Diobu-Port Harcourt represented a parasitic adaptation to ensure effective delivery of infective stages in an unstable environment. While this may be so, it is also possible that the presence of multiple cysts is a characteristic peculiar to that acanthocephalan species.…”

Section: Acathocephalamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cephalochlamys compactus infects pipid anurans [24,49,88] and Hoplobatrachus occipitalis (see [23,50,89]). Cylindrotaenia jaegerskioeldi occurs in a wider range of anuran hosts, including Afrixalus dorsalis, A. fulvovittatus, Sclerophrys maculata, S. regularis, Ptychadena bibroni, P. mascareniensis, P. oxyrhynchus and P. pumilio (see [23,24,50,57,58,62,71]). A recent addition to the group is a Nematotaenoides sp., which has been recorded in two tree frogs (Afrixalus dorsalis and Hyperolius fusciventris) and Ptychadena pumilio (see [57,59,61,88]).…”

Section: Cestodamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Figure 3C) with a wide host range, including several tree frog spp., Ptychadena spp., Phrynobatrachus spp. and Silurana tropicalis (see [49,59,62,64,71,93]), a Proteocephalus sp. (Figure 3D) from Amnirana galamensis [50] and a Proteocephalus sp.…”

Section: Proteocephalid Cestodes (Proteocephalus and Ophiotaenia Spp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological Scenarios and Parasite Diversity in Anurans of West Africa: A Review

2021

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This paper is a survey of the parasite diversity, prevalence and infection intensity in anurans in diverse ecological settings in West Africa. The settings included natural habitats (rainforests, freshwater creeks, Guinea and Sudan savannas), monoculture plantations (cocoa, cotton and oil palm), urbanized and urbanizing rainforest biotopes and polluted environments due to oil industry activities. The natural habitats had higher amphibian species diversity, moderate parasite prevalence and low infection intensity, showing a balance in the host/parasite relationship. These habitats yielded most of the monogeneans, among which were new species. The freshwater creek biotope had low amphibian diversity, but hosts from this environment harbored several parasite taxa, a situation attributed to a prolonged wet season, high environmental humidity and persistent breeding pools for insect vectors in this area. The monoculture plantations were characterized by high parasite prevalence but lower infection intensity. For example, in the Pendjari Biosphere Reserve in Bénin Republic, the Agricultural Zone (AZ) had higher parasite prevalence values, while the National Park (NP) and Buffer Zone (BZ) had higher infection intensities. Higher prevalence was attributed to the single or combined effects of vector population explosion, immune-suppression by agrochemicals, nutrient enrichment and eutrophication from fertilizer use. The lower infection intensity was attributed to the inhibitory effect of the pesticide-contaminated environment on the free-living larval stages of parasites. The adverse effect of pesticide contamination was also evident in the lower infection intensity recorded in the anurans from the cocoa plantations at Ugboke in comparison to those from the pesticide-free village settlement. Urbanization reduced host diversity and numbers and increased the vector population, resulting in unusually high parasite prevalence and infection intensities at Diobu and Port Harcourt and high prevalence recorded for Ophidascaris larvae in the anurans of Evbuabogun. Oil pollution in the mangrove community reduced both host and parasite diversity; infection intensity was also low due to the adverse conditions confronting free-living stages of parasites in their development milieu. The high prevalence values obtained for monogeneans (Polystoma spp.) in Ptychadena spp. from Ogoniland was presumed to have resulted from host tadpole sequestration and exposure to high oncomiracidia burden in the few hospitable ponds. Also reviewed is the phenomenon of amphibian paratenism, a strategy on which many helminth parasites rely on for their trophic transmission to their definitive hosts.

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Section: Urbanized Rainforest Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%