Parasitic infection of the diatom Guinardia delicatula, a recurrent and ecologically important phenomenon on the New England Shelf

Peacock, Emily E.; Olson, Robert J.; Sosik, Heidi M.

doi:10.3354/meps10784

Cited by 74 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…For example, large-scale infections of the diatoms Guinardia delicatula and G. flaccida by the parasites Pirsonia and Cryothecomonas, both in the phylum Cercozoa, have been reported in the Wadden Sea, with up to 35% of G. delicatula and 65% of G. flaccida infected (Tillmann et al, 1999). A multi-year study of G. delicatula populations on the New England Shelf showed that infection by Cryothecomonas-like parasites regularly exceeded 10% of the population, and that parasite infection appeared to have a negative impact on diatom bloom development (Peacock et al, 2014). We did not observe increased abundance of OTU14 in 2012 at Station L4, even though diatom blooms still occurred.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-year assessment of coastal planktonic fungi reveals environmental drivers of diversity and abundance

2016

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Mycoplankton have so far been a neglected component of pelagic marine ecosystems, having been poorly studied relative to other plankton groups. Currently, there is a lack of understanding of how mycoplankton diversity changes through time, and the identity of controlling environmental drivers. Using Fungi-specific high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR analysis of plankton DNA samples collected over 6 years from the coastal biodiversity time series site Station L4 situated off Plymouth (UK), we have assessed changes in the temporal variability of mycoplankton diversity and abundance in relation to co-occurring environmental variables. Mycoplankton diversity at Station L4 was dominated by Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Chytridiomycota, with several orders within these phyla frequently abundant and dominant in multiple years. Repeating interannual mycoplankton blooms were linked to potential controlling environmental drivers, including nitrogen availability and temperature. Specific relationships between mycoplankton and other plankton groups were also identified, with seasonal chytrid blooms matching diatom blooms in consecutive years. Mycoplankton α-diversity was greatest during periods of reduced salinity at Station L4, indicative of riverine input to the ecosystem. Mycoplankton abundance also increased during periods of reduced salinity, and when potential substrate availability was increased, including particulate organic matter. This study has identified possible controlling environmental drivers of mycoplankton diversity and abundance in a coastal sea ecosystem, and therefore sheds new light on the biology and ecology of an enigmatic marine plankton group. Mycoplankton have several potential functional roles, including saprotrophs and parasites, that should now be considered within the consensus view of pelagic ecosystem functioning and services.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-year assessment of coastal planktonic fungi reveals environmental drivers of diversity and abundance

2016

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“…Diatoms are a preferred host for fungal parasites in spring (Gutiérrez et al, 2016). Peacock et al (2014) found abundant infesting stages of parasites only at water temperatures >4 • C. Therefore, diatoms are not only subject to zooplankton grazing but also to infections especially after mild winters. They survive better in colder waters.…”

Section: Indicator Of Food Web Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diatom/Dinoflagellate Index as an Indicator of Ecosystem Changes in the Baltic Sea 1. Principle and Handling Instruction

et al. 2017

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Assessments of the environmental status of the Baltic Sea as called for by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) must be based on a set of indicators. A pre-core indicator is the diatom/dinoflagellate index (Dia/Dino index), which reflects the dominance of diatoms or dinoflagellates during the phytoplankton spring bloom. Here we explain the principles of the Dia/Dino index and the conditions for its calculation using examples from two very different water bodies, the Eastern Gotland Basin and Kiel Bay. The index is based on seasonal mean diatom and dinoflagellate biomass values. A precondition for its applicability is the coverage of the bloom. As a criterion, the maximum value of diatom or dinoflagellate biomass has to exceed a predefined threshold, e.g., 1000 µg/L in the investigated areas. If this condition is not fulfilled, an alternative Dia/Dino index can be calculated based on silicate consumption data. Changes in the dominance of these two phytoplankton classes impact the food web because both their quality as a food source for grazers and their periods of occurrence differ. If diatoms are dominant, their rapid sinking reduces the food stock for zooplankton but delivers plenty of food to the zoobenthos. Consequently, the Dia/Dino index can be used to follow the food pathway (Descriptor 4 of MSFD: "food web"). Moreover, a low Dia/Dino index may indicate silicate limitation caused by eutrophication (Descriptor 5 of MSFD: "eutrophication"). The Dia/Dino index was able to identify the regime shift that occurred at the end of the 1980s in the Baltic Proper. Diatom dominance, and thus a high Dia/Dino index, are typical in historical data and are therefore assumed to reflect good environmental status (GES). In assessments of the environmental status of the Eastern Gotland Basin and Kiel Bay, Dia/Dino index GES thresholds of 0.5 and 0.75, respectively, are suggested. The GES thresholds as calculated by the alternative Dia/Dino index are 0.84 and 0.94, respectively.

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“…These dinofl agellates include Parvilucifera and Amoebophrya (e.g., Norén et al 1999 ;Park et al 2013 ). Although not dinofl agellates, recently the diatom bloom control by nanofl agellate parasites was documented by using the Imaging FlowCytobot device (Peacock et al 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Phylogeny of Marine Parasitic Dinoflagellates

Horiguchi

2015

Marine Protists

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The dinofl agellates are an assemblage of autotrophic, myxotrophic and heterotrophic species and play important roles in marine ecosystems. Most of them are free-living, but several are known as symbionts of marine invertebrates or as parasites of aquatic animals and protists. Molecular phylogenetic studies on parasitic dinofl agellates reveal that the parasitism has evolved polyphyletically appearing several times independently within the division Dinophyta. The Dinophyta consists of "core" dinofl agellates (typical dinofl agellates) and "basal" dinofl agellates. Within the basal dinofl agellates, the parasitic clades of Perkinsea, Ellobiophyceae and Syndiniophyceae are recognized. A large portion of environmental clone sequences recovered from various parts of the oceanic environments are thought to be members of the parasitic order Syndiniales (Syndiniophyceae). Therefore, the ecological function of parasitic dinofl agellates in the ocean is now better understood. The members of parasitic genera such as Parvilucifera (Perkinsea) and Amoebophrya (Syndiniophyceae) infect other dinofl agellates; therefore, much attention has been paid, because of their possible ability to control harmful algal blooms (HABs). The parasitism has also evolved within the "core" dinofl agellates (Dinophyceae) a number of times. These include Blastodinium , Chytriodinium , Dissodinium , Haplozoon , Oodinium , Paulsenella and Tintinnophagus. Because there are already several reviews on diversity of parasitic dinofl agellates, in this volume, only recent developments in phylogenetic studies on parasitic marine dinofl agellates are mainly reviewed here.

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Parasitic infection of the diatom Guinardia delicatula, a recurrent and ecologically important phenomenon on the New England Shelf

Cited by 74 publications

References 35 publications

Multi-year assessment of coastal planktonic fungi reveals environmental drivers of diversity and abundance

Multi-year assessment of coastal planktonic fungi reveals environmental drivers of diversity and abundance

The Diatom/Dinoflagellate Index as an Indicator of Ecosystem Changes in the Baltic Sea 1. Principle and Handling Instruction

Diversity and Phylogeny of Marine Parasitic Dinoflagellates

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