Parasitic Diseases

Pritt, Stacy; Cohen, K. R.; Sedlacek, Heather

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-380920-9.00015-8

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Disease is enhanced by stressors such as overcrowding, poor hygiene, poor nutrition, transportation, and weaning. Hepatic coccidiosis is characterised by severe liver disease, resulting in anorexia, ascites, icterus, and death, particularly in young animals 2-3 months of age (13). Intestinal coccidiosis manifests as diarrhoea, the severity of which depends on the pathogenicity of the infecting species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen profiling of Australian rabbits by metatranscriptomic sequencing

Jenckel

Hall

Strive

2022

Preprint

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Australia is known for its long history of using biocontrol agents, like myxoma virus and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), to manage wild European rabbit populations. Interestingly, while undertaking RHDV surveillance of rabbits that were found dead we observed that approximately 40% of samples were negative for RHDV. To investigate whether other infectious agents are responsible for killing rabbits in Australia we subjected a subset of these RHDV-negative liver samples to metatranscriptomic sequencing. In addition, we investigated whether the host transcriptome data could provide additional differentiation between likely infectious versus non-infectious causes of death. We identified transcripts from several Clostridia species, Pasteurella multocida, Pseudomonas, and Eimeria stiedae in liver samples of several rabbits that had died suddenly, all of which are known to infect rabbits and are capable of causing fulminant disease. In addition, we identified Hepatitis E virus and Cyniclomyces yeast in some samples, both of which are not usually associated with severe disease. In one third of the sequenced liver samples, no infectious agent could be identified. While metatranscriptomic sequencing cannot provide definitive evidence of causation, additional host transcriptome analysis provided further insights to distinguish between pathogenic microbes and commensals or environmental contaminants. Interestingly, three samples where no pathogen could be identified showed evidence of upregulated host immune responses, while immune response pathways were not upregulated when E. stiedae, Pseudomonas, or yeast were detected. In summary, although no new putative rabbit pathogens were identified, this study provides a robust workflow for future investigations into rabbit mortality events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen profiling of Australian rabbits by metatranscriptomic sequencing

Jenckel

Hall

Strive

2022

Preprint

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“…Ten species of intestinal coccidia, all members of the genus Eimeria, are reported to infect domestic rabbits. 71 The Eimeria species described in this article are considered species specific for the rabbit, and exposure is through fecal-oral transmission. Adult carriers often serve as a source of infection for newborn rabbits.…”

Section: Infectious Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…72,73 The number of young animals affected in rabbit colonies can vary, with some cases reaching 100%. 71 The most important species of intestinal coccidia as it relates to overall rabbit health are Eimeria perforans, Eimeria magna, and Eimeria media, with E. perforans being the most common and the least pathogenic species for laboratory rabbits. 71,74 In 1 pet rabbit research study, E. magna was identified as the dominant coccidia species (60%), along with E. media (30%) and Eimeria intestinalis (10%).…”

Section: Infectious Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…71 The most important species of intestinal coccidia as it relates to overall rabbit health are Eimeria perforans, Eimeria magna, and Eimeria media, with E. perforans being the most common and the least pathogenic species for laboratory rabbits. 71,74 In 1 pet rabbit research study, E. magna was identified as the dominant coccidia species (60%), along with E. media (30%) and Eimeria intestinalis (10%). 75 E. intestinalis is generally considered the most pathogenic, E. magna moderately pathogenic with important subclinical effects, and E. media relatively nonpathogenic to rabbits.…”

Section: Infectious Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Gastrointestinal Disease in Exotic Small Mammals

Huynh

Pignon

2013

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

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Exotic small mammal medicine is a relatively new specialty area within veterinary medicine. Ferrets, rabbits, and rodents have long been used as animal models in human medical research investigations, resulting in a body of basic anatomic and physiologic information that can be used by veterinarians treating these species. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of veterinary articles that describe clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options of gastrointestinal (GI) disease as it affects exotic small mammals. Although there is little reference material relating to exotic small mammal GI disease, patients are commonly presented to veterinary hospitals with digestive tract disorders. This article provides the latest information available for GI disease in ferrets (Helicobacter mustelae gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], GI lymphoma, systemic coronavirus, coccidiosis, and liver disease), rabbits (GI motility disorders, liver lobe torsion, astrovirus, and coccidiosis), guinea pigs (gastric dilatation volvulus [GDV]), rats (Taenia taeniaeformis), and hamsters (Clostridium difficile). Both noninfectious diseases and emerging infectious diseases are reviewed as well as the most up-to-date diagnostics and treatment options.

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“…Several species can be encountered in human and animals with some zoonotic aspects. Morphologically, the adult filariids are long, string-like, white-to-cream-colored worms [ 1 ]. They appear to be capable of living inside various tissues and cavities outside the gastrointestinal tract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Molecular Data on Filaria and its Wolbachia from Red Howler Monkeys (Alouatta macconnelli) in French Guiana—A Preliminary Study

et al. 2020

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Previous studies have reported filarial parasites of the genus Dipetalonema and Mansonella from French Guiana monkeys, based on morphological taxonomy. In this study, we screened blood samples from nine howler monkeys (Alouatta macconnelli) for the presence of filaria and Wolbachia DNA. The infection rates were 88.9% for filaria and 55.6% for wolbachiae. The molecular characterization, based on the 18S gene of filariids, revealed that A. macconnelli are infected with at least three species (Mansonella sp., Brugia sp. and an unidentified Onchocercidae species.). Since the 18S and cox1 generic primers are not very effective at resolving co-infections, we developed ITS genus-specific PCRs for Mansonella and Brugia genus. The results revealed coinfections in 75% of positives. The presence of Mansonella sp. and Brugia sp. was also confirmed by the 16S phylogenetic analysis of their associated Wolbachia. Mansonella sp., which close to the species from the subgenus Tetrapetalonema encountered in New World Monkeys, while Brugia sp. was identical to the strain circulating in French Guiana dogs. We propose a novel ITS1Brugia genus-specific qPCR. We applied it to screen for Brugia infection in howler monkeys and 66.7% were found to be positive. Our finding highlights the need for further studies to clarify the species diversity of neotropics monkeys by combining molecular and morphological features. The novel Brugia genus-specific qPCR assays could be an effective tool for the surveillance and characterization of this potential zoonosis.

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Parasitic Diseases

Cited by 11 publications

References 99 publications

Pathogen profiling of Australian rabbits by metatranscriptomic sequencing

Pathogen profiling of Australian rabbits by metatranscriptomic sequencing

Gastrointestinal Disease in Exotic Small Mammals

New Molecular Data on Filaria and its Wolbachia from Red Howler Monkeys (Alouatta macconnelli) in French Guiana—A Preliminary Study

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