Parasite–microbiota interactions potentially affect intestinal communities in wild mammals

Aivelo, Tuomas; Norberg, Anna

doi:10.1111/1365-2656.12708

Cited by 67 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…MHC class II plays a role in resistance to ectoparasites, such as mites and ticks (Owen, Delany, & Mullens, 2008;Schad, Dechmann, Voigt, & Sommer, 2012). These avian ectoparasites may actively secrete antibacterial molecules on the surface of feathers (Hewitson et al, 2011), thereby modulating the assemblage of plumage microbiota (Aivelo & Norberg, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plumage microbiota covaries with the major histocompatibility complex in blue petrels

et al. 2019

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To increase fitness, a wide range of vertebrates preferentially mate with partners that are dissimilar at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or that have high MHC diversity. Although MHC often can be assessed through olfactory cues, the mechanism by which MHC genes influence odour remains largely unclear. MHC class IIB molecules, which enable recognition and elimination of extracellular bacteria, have been suggested to influence odour indirectly by shaping odour‐producing microbiota, i.e. bacterial communities. However, there is little evidence of the predicted covariation between an animal's MHC genotype and its bacterial communities in scent‐producing body surfaces. Here, using high‐throughput sequencing, we tested the covariation between MHC class IIB genotypes and feather microbiota in the blue petrel (Halobaena caerulea), a seabird with highly developed olfaction that has been suggested to rely on oduor cues during an MHC‐based mate choice. First, we show that individuals with similar MHC class IIB profiles also have similar bacterial assemblages in their feathers. Then, we show that individuals with high MHC diversity have less diverse feather microbiota and also a reduced abundance of a bacterium of the genus Arsenophonus, a genus in which some species are symbionts of avian ectoparasites. Our results, showing that feather microbiota covary with MHC, are consistent with the hypothesis that individual MHC genotype may shape the semiochemical‐producing microbiota in birds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plumage microbiota covaries with the major histocompatibility complex in blue petrels

et al. 2019

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“…These additional taxa may lead to further segregation in the network, as larger and more diverse networks typically show increased modularity and segregation (Thebault & Fontaine 2010;Sauve et al 2014). Expanding sampling to construct a more complete microbe and macroparasite network would also capture a broader array of potentially facilitative and competitive interactions (Ezenwa 2016;Aivelo & Norberg 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals are often co-infected by a diverse infra-community of pathogens, and interactions between pathogens can both alter infection dynamics (Cattadori et al 2008;Susi et al 2015) and influence disease outcomes (Moss et al 2008;Munson et al 2008;Wejse et al 2015). Pathogens that form chronic, long-lasting infections are ubiquitous and are likely to overlap pathogens that produce short-lasting acute infections (Fenton 2008;Randall et al 2013;Rynkiewicz et al 2015;Aivelo & Norberg 2018). Chronic pathogens can compete for the same resources as acute pathogens and can reduce the likelihood of infection (Randall et al 2013;Budischak et al 2018) or, conversely, facilitate infection via immune suppression (e.g., Geldmacher & Koup 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic infections can shape epidemic exposure: Pathogen co-occurrence networks in the Serengeti lions

Fountain-Jones¹,

Packer²,

Jacquot³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Pathogens are embedded in a complex network of microparasites that can collectively or individually alter disease dynamics and outcomes. Chronic pathogens, for example, can either facilitate or compete with subsequent pathogens thereby exacerbating morbidity and mortality. Pathogen interactions are ubiquitous in nature, but poorly understood, particularly in wild populations. We report here on ten years of serological and molecular data in African lions, leveraging comprehensive demographic and behavioral data to utilize pathogen networks to test if chronic infections shape infection by acute pathogens. We combine network and community ecology approaches to assess broad network structure and characterize associations between pathogens across spatial and temporal scales. We found significant non-random structure in the lion-pathogen co-occurrence network and identified potential facilitative and competitive interactions between acute and chronic pathogens. Our results provide a novel insight for untangling the complex associations underlying pathogen co-occurrence networks.

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“…One possible source of this 78 variation among studies is variation among the parasite species studied. Yet, there is a lack of 79 studies that examine variation among parasite species in their associations with host microbiota 80 (but see Aivelo & Norberg, 2018), perhaps because we have lacked a robust framework for 81 studying multiple parasites. 82…”

Section: Introduction 57mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites as niche modifiers for the microbiome: A field test with multiple parasites

O’Keeffe

Halliday

Jones

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Parasites can affect and be affected by the host’s microbiome, with consequences for host susceptibility, parasite transmission, and host and parasite fitness. Yet, there are two aspects of the relationship between parasite infection and the host microbiome that remain little understood: the nature of the relationship under field conditions, and how the relationship varies among parasite species. To overcome these limitations, we assayed the within-leaf fungal community in a grass population to investigate how diversity and composition of the fungal microbiome are associated with natural infection by fungal parasites with different feeding strategies. We hypothesized that parasites that more strongly modify niches available within a host will thereby alter the microbial taxa that can colonize the community and be associated with greater changes in microbiome diversity and composition. A parasite that creates necrotic tissue to extract resources (necrotrophs) may act as a particularly strong niche modifier whereas one that does not (biotrophs) may not. Barcoded amplicon sequencing of the fungal ITS region revealed that the microbiome of leaf segments that were symptomatic of necrotrophs had lower fungal diversity and distinct composition compared to segments that were asymptomatic or symptomatic of other parasites. There were no clear differences in fungal diversity or composition between leaf segments that were asymptomatic and segments that were symptomatic of other parasite feeding strategies. This supports the hypothesis that within-host niches link infection by parasites to the host’s microbiome. Together, these results highlight the importance of parasite traits in determining parasite impacts on the host’s microbiome.

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Parasite–microbiota interactions potentially affect intestinal communities in wild mammals

Cited by 67 publications

References 82 publications

Plumage microbiota covaries with the major histocompatibility complex in blue petrels

Plumage microbiota covaries with the major histocompatibility complex in blue petrels

Chronic infections can shape epidemic exposure: Pathogen co-occurrence networks in the Serengeti lions

Parasites as niche modifiers for the microbiome: A field test with multiple parasites

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