2014
DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12541
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Parasite evolution in response to sex‐based host heterogeneity in resistance and tolerance

Abstract: Heterogenity between sexes in terms of both the level and the type of immune response to infection is documented in many species, but its role on parasite evolution is only beginning to be explored. We adopt an evolutionary epidemiology approach to study how the ability of a host to respond to infection through active immunity (resistance) or through minimizing deleterious effects of a given parasite load (tolerance) affects the evolution of parasite virulence. Consistently with earlier models, we find that in… Show more

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Cited by 38 publications
(68 citation statements)
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“…In birds and mammals, for example, males are often more susceptible to infection and develop higher parasite loads than females 4,5 , whereas the reverse pattern is often observed in invertebrates 68 . When combined with the diversity of sex ratios, sex biases in dispersal, and general behavioural difference between males and females 1,9,10 , there is ample opportunity for dimorphism between the sexes to influence many aspects of disease epidemiology and evolution 3,8,11 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In birds and mammals, for example, males are often more susceptible to infection and develop higher parasite loads than females 4,5 , whereas the reverse pattern is often observed in invertebrates 68 . When combined with the diversity of sex ratios, sex biases in dispersal, and general behavioural difference between males and females 1,9,10 , there is ample opportunity for dimorphism between the sexes to influence many aspects of disease epidemiology and evolution 3,8,11 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Epidemiological models of pathogens that are only horizontally or vertically transmitted do not consider pathogens that may exhibit different virulence in men and women (but see ref. 29 for sex-specific virulence as a result of different resistance of male and female hosts).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…; Sheridan et al. ; Zuk ; Cousineau and Alizon ). The sexes may also represent hosts of varying exploitative potential due to differences in lifespan, energy acquisition, reproductive investment, or simply body or organ size (Christe et al.…”
Section: Description Of the Four Infection Types Used In This Study mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…; Gipson and Hall ). Together, this heterogeneity between the sexes is increasingly being linked to the performance of a single pathogen genotype within a male or female host and its subsequent transmission between susceptible hosts (e.g., Cousineau and Alizon ; Úbeda and Jansen ; Hall and Mideo ). Yet, it remains largely unexplored how each sex can influence the relationship between within‐host pathogen competition and virulence (but see Thompson et al.…”
Section: Description Of the Four Infection Types Used In This Study mentioning
confidence: 99%