Paraquat poisoning: A case report and review of literature

Kondle, Raghu; Mahesh, Vidavalur; Sasidhar, P.R. Sai; Reddy, P. Krishna; Venkataramaniah, Vajja; Agrawal, Amit

doi:10.4103/2230-8229.122023

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Paraquat poisoning has been well known to elicit overt ROS accumulation and oxidative stress along with profound inflammatory responses (Brooks, ; Bus et al, ; Ge et al, ; Raghu et al, ). Data from our present study revealed that acute paraquat exposure compromised myocardial and cardiomyocyte sarcomere contractile function manifested as enlarged LVESD, reduced fractional shortening, sarcomere shortening capacity, and maximal velocities of sarcomere shortening/relengthening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll‐like receptor 4 ablation rescues against paraquat‐triggered myocardial dysfunction: Role of ER stress and apoptosis

Lei¹,

Fang

et al. 2016

Environmental Toxicology

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Paraquat is a nitrogen herbicide imposing severe organ toxicity in human leading to acute lung injury and heart failure. The present study was designed to examine the impact of ablation of the innate proinflammatory mediator toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in paraquat-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms involved with a focus on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. Adult male wild-type (WT) and TLR4 knockout (TLR4 ) mice were challenged with paraquat (45 mg/kg, i.p.) for 48 h prior to the assessment of myocardial and cardiomyocyte sarcomere function, ER stress, apoptosis and inflammation. Acute paraquat challenge exerted myocardial functional and geometric alterations including enlarged left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD), reduced fractional shortening, decreased sarcomere shortening, maximal velocities of sarcomere shortening and relengthening associated with unchanged LV posterior wall thickness, septal thickness, LV end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), heart rate, sarcomere length, time-to-peak shortening and time-to-90% relengthening. Although TLR4 ablation did not affect mechanical properties in the heart, it significantly attenuated or ablated paraquat-induced cardiac contractile anomalies. Moreover, paraquat imposed overt ER stress, apoptosis and inflammation as evidenced by upregulation of Bip, CHOP, Caspase-3, -9, Bax, Bad, and IL-1β, phosphorylation of PERK, eIF2α and IΚB, as well as activation of the stress molecules ERK and p38, with unchanged Caspase-8, Bcl2, TNF-α, p53, HMGB1, MyD88 and phosphorylation of Akt, GSK3β and JNK, the effects of which were attenuated or negated by TLR4 knockout. Taken together, our results suggested that TLR4 ablation alleviated paraquat-induced myocardial contractile dysfunction possibly through attenuation of ER stress, apoptosis and inflammation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 656-668, 2017.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll‐like receptor 4 ablation rescues against paraquat‐triggered myocardial dysfunction: Role of ER stress and apoptosis

Lei¹,

Fang

et al. 2016

Environmental Toxicology

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“…Addo and Poon-King (1986) claimed a 72% survival rate in 72 patients treated with CP (5 mg/kg/d to a maximum total of 4 g) and dexamethasone (8 mg eight-hourly over two weeks) [7]. Lin et al, 1999; reported results of a prospective, randomized study of pulse therapy with cyclophosphamide (1g/d for 2 d) and methylprednisolone (1g/d for 3 d) in 142 patients of paraquat poisoning [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclophosphamide Induced Fatal Cytopenia: A Case of Paraquat Poisoning

Singh

Rajesh

Sekhar

et al. 2016

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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Paraquat is an effective herbicide widely used in India, but is highly toxic on human exposure. Cyclophosphamide is used as pulse therapy in combination with methylprednisolone for paraquat poisoning management. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia are the main side effects which may occur with cyclophosphamide in cancer treatment due to bone marrow suppression. Hereby we report a rare case of cyclophosphamideinduced fatal cytopenia in a patient with paraquat poisoning. This is a case of 24 y old male who came to the emergency department of our hospital with a history of alleged consumption of 50 ml of paraquat liquid. On admission, he complained of pain and burning sensation in the throat and retrosternal region. Different treatment modalities, namely, pulse therapy with cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone; and hemoperfusion were used to manage patient's condition. Within few days, the patient developed severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Despite several blood transfusions, the patient expired due to fatal manifestations of cytopenia.

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“…Paraquat (1,1′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium; PQ) is one of the most widely used nonselective dipyridyl herbicides and is a serious hazard to the health of humans and animals . The lungs are the primary target organ of PQ, and respiratory failure resulting from severe lung inflammation and interstitial fibrosis is one of the leading causes of death . Previous research has found that PQ has an adverse effect on the liver, kidneys, brain, and other organs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1,2] The lungs are the primary target organ of PQ, and respiratory failure resulting from severe lung inflammation and interstitial fibrosis is one of the leading causes of death. [3,4] Previous research has found that PQ has an adverse effect on the liver, kidneys, brain, and other organs. However, the effect of PQ on the male reproductive system is still not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative damage of the male reproductive system induced by paraquat

Chen

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2016

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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The effects of paraquat (PQ) on the male reproductive system are unclear. In this study, male rats were divided into four groups (0, 0.5, 2, and 8 mg/kg) and treated with PQ by oral gavage for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, a significant decline in sperm count, motility, and viability and an increase in teratospermia were observed in the PQ-treated group (P < 0.05). Further investigation found that PQ resulted in enhanced lipid peroxidation and more apoptosis in the testis tissues, and apoptosis was likely to be associated with activation of the mitochondrial pathway. In summary, our study demonstrated oxidative damage due to PQ on the male reproductive system.

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Paraquat poisoning: A case report and review of literature

Cited by 37 publications

References 34 publications

Toll‐like receptor 4 ablation rescues against paraquat‐triggered myocardial dysfunction: Role of ER stress and apoptosis

Toll‐like receptor 4 ablation rescues against paraquat‐triggered myocardial dysfunction: Role of ER stress and apoptosis

Cyclophosphamide Induced Fatal Cytopenia: A Case of Paraquat Poisoning

Oxidative damage of the male reproductive system induced by paraquat

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