Parapoxviruses: potential alternative vectors for directing the immune response in permissive and non-permissive hosts

Rziha, Hanns-Joachim; Henkel, Marco; Cottone, R.; Meyer, Marlene; Dehio, Christoph; Büttner, Mathias

doi:10.1016/s0168-1656(99)00141-8

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The DNA sequence across the HindIII or PstI sites was verified by sequencing smaller restriction fragments overlapping these sites. The DNA sequence of BPSV B177 showed the presence of the late F10L and F9L genes, as described for D1701 and NZ2 Rziha et al, 1999). Both genes displayed high DNA and amino acid identity to the ORFV counterparts (Table 1).…”

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confidence: 65%

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Relatedness and heterogeneity at the near-terminal end of the genome of a parapoxvirus bovis 1 strain (B177) compared with parapoxvirus ovis (Orf virus)

Rziha

Bauer

Adam

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

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confidence: 65%

“…Due to a rearrangement of terminal sequences, the highly attenuated ORFV strain D1701 contains two copies of the VEGF-E and IL-10 genes (Cottone et al, 1998;Rziha et al, 1999). Recently, it was suggested that BPSV, PCPV and PVNZ do not harbour an ORFV-like IL-10 gene (Fleming et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Relatedness and heterogeneity at the near-terminal end of the genome of a parapoxvirus bovis 1 strain (B177) compared with parapoxvirus ovis (Orf virus)

Rziha

Bauer

Adam

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

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“…Loss of functional VEGF is associated with remarkably reduced clinical manifestation [98]. Recombinant viruses lacking VEGF-E of the two strains of ORFV -that is, NZ2 and D1701 -show attenuated properties compared with their wild-type viruses, producing reduced clinical severity and virus yield on infection in lambs [26,98,105].…”

Section: Antiviral Immunity and Immune Evasionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orf: an update on current research and future perspectives

Hosamani¹,

Scagliarini²,

Bhanuprakash³

et al. 2009

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

157

241

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Orf is one of the most widespread viral diseases worldwide, affecting mostly small ruminants and, sometimes, other species, including wild animals. Of late, there have been an increasing number of reports of new species being affected by the disease, implying a dynamic host-pathogen interaction. The causative agent, orf virus, has been extensively investigated over recent years, owing to its zoonotic importance and ability to cross-infect other species sporadically. The evasive mechanisms that the virus has developed to adapt and grow in the presence of an active immune response helps to explain the ability of the virus to repeatedly reinfect the same host. The apparent diversity in the antigenic/immune targets of different orf virus strains involved in such repeat infections may also be contributing factors. Exposure of animals to stress or immunosupression as a result of therapy or primary viral infection can accentuate the severity of disease. Genes homologous to host cytokines or their antagonists, and which contribute to viral virulence, have been found in the viral genome. A combination of electron microscopy, histology and PCR is the most accurate laboratory approach for confirmation of the disease, although clinical signs are often typical. However, some infections may be confounded by similar clinical manifestations caused by other infections. This review presents, in brief, a recent understanding of the virus at the host-pathogen level, molecular biology of the virus, disease epidemiology, clinical manifestations in man and animals, diagnostic procedures, and the economic and environmental impact of the disease.

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“…In addition, Avipoxvirus vectors do not cross-react with VV and elicit weaker vectordirected immune responses in mammals, supporting a multiple boosting regimen of treatment. Similarly, vectors derived from other poxvirus genera may also offer safer alternatives to VV [12,13].…”

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confidence: 99%