Paraphenylenediamine Poisoning With Changes in the Central Nervous System

Davison, Charles

doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1943.02290140114010

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…Israel and Susan (1934) reported jaundice and subacute hepatic atrophy leading to death of a female hair dresser who used PPD hair dye for 5 years. In addition, Davison (1943) reported that a 51-year-old woman developed liver enlargement with progressive neurological symptoms followed by death due to regular use of hair dye containing PPD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical profile of acute paraphenylenediamine intoxication in Egypt

et al. 2010

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Orientation to paraphenylenediamine (PPD) acute systemic intoxication in Egypt has been increased over the last decade. The aim of this study was to provide more insight into the clinical profile of acute PPD intoxication with reviewing the possible underlying mechanisms. Our study was retrospective. It was conducted over 7 years (2001-2008) on 25 cases with acute PPD intoxication admitted to the Poison Control Center Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. The mean age of the cases was 35.34 +/- 10.5 years; the male to female ratio was 18:7. Cervicofacial and laryngeal edema was the dominating presenting manifestation in 72% of the cases, 100% of the cases developed rhabdomyolysis, 80% had impaired renal functions, elevated liver transaminases were detected in 76% of cases, 75% showed hyperkalemia and 16% died due to ventricular arrhythmia. In conclusion, PPD causes serious multisystem toxicity and its selling to the public should be officially restricted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical profile of acute paraphenylenediamine intoxication in Egypt

et al. 2010

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Aromatic Amino and Nitro–Amino Compounds and Their Halogenated Derivatives

Darby

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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The fundamental aromatic hydrocarbon benzene, when substituted by one or more functional groups of the amine, nitro, or halogen classes, alone or in various combinations, provides an enormous number of compounds of immense practical value, ubiquitous presence in the industrial world, and often heightened toxicity relative to benzene itself, a notorious cause of blood cancer. This chapter begins by providing a general overview of aromatic compounds possessing amino and/or nitro substituents, with or without halogen substituents. The production and uses, exposure and biomonitoring, toxicity, and toxic mechanism of action are introduced. The remainder of the chapter focuses on specific compounds in a roughly systematic order based upon chemical structure, expanding on the same subheadings as covered in the general overview. The nomenclature of these compounds can be very confusing since many have traditional names that sometimes markedly differ from their systematized formal names. In this chapter, the same traditional names are used as were used in the previous edition of this publication, but if there is ambiguity of nomenclature, the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) numbers provided herein correspond to unique structures, each of which may have several names depending upon the naming convention. In general, when an aromatic compound has an amino or a nitro substituent, it is referred to as an “aniline” or a “nitrobenzene,” respectively, based upon the names of the parent compounds, even though other substituents may be present. When amino and nitro groups are present on the same benzene ring, “aniline” takes precedence, and both “aniline” and “nitrobenzene” take precedence over halogens. There are many exceptions to these general rules, however.

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Aromatic Amino and Nitro–Amino Compounds and their Halogenated Derivatives

Woo¹,

Lai²

2004

Patty's Toxicology

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Aromatic amines are organic compounds that contain at least one amino group attached directly to an aryl moiety. Aromatic amines represent one of the most important classes of industrial and environmental chemicals. Many aromatic amines have been shown to be potent carcinogens and mutagens and/or hemotoxicants capable of inducing methemoglobinemia. Since the introduction of substituted anilines and naphthylamines as intermediates for the manufacture of azo dyes in the mid‐1800s, aromatic amines have found numerous uses in various industries. Substantial worker exposure to aromatic amines with subsequent induction of bladder cancer occurred before preventive measures were instituted. Beyond occupational exposure, humans may also be exposed to aromatic amines through environmental sources. At least three carcinogenic aromatic amines (4‐aminobiphenyl, 2‐naphthylamine, and o ‐toludine) have been detected in cigarette smoke. Many commonly used pharmaceuticals contain or are aromatic amines. Owing to their hazard potential, aromatic amines have been the subject of many biomonitoring studies, making them model compounds in molecular dosimetry and epidemiology studies. Since extensive information is available on the metabolic pathways and, to a lesser extent, the mechanism(s) of action, aromatic amines have also become targets for genetic polymorphism studies with ultimate goals of identifying susceptible subpopulations, and designing of strategies for cancer prevention and intervention. The multifaceted interest in aromatic amines has continued to attract a tremendous amount of scientific studies and attention. Since the publication of the previous edition of Patty's on aromatic amines, many reviews and important research articles on aromatic amines have been published. In this chapter, we present an overview of the aromatic amine class as a whole with emphasis on recent studies, followed by an updated description on individual chemicals grouped into seven subgroups of structurally related compounds.

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Paraphenylenediamine Poisoning With Changes in the Central Nervous System

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Clinical profile of acute paraphenylenediamine intoxication in Egypt

Clinical profile of acute paraphenylenediamine intoxication in Egypt

Aromatic Amino and Nitro–Amino Compounds and Their Halogenated Derivatives

Aromatic Amino and Nitro–Amino Compounds and their Halogenated Derivatives

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