Paranoia and interpersonal functioning across the continuum from healthy to pathological – Network analysis

Klein, Hans; Harvey, Philip D.; Penn, David L.; Pinkham, Amy E.

doi:10.1111/bjc.12199

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Social Functioning Scale (SFS) [51] The SFS is a self-report measure of social and role functioning that is sensitive to functional impairment across the psychosis spectrum [52]. SFS outcomes include a total score and seven subscale scores of social functioning (withdrawal, interpersonal behavior, and prosocial activities) and role functioning (recreation, independencecompetence, independence-performance, and occupation).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of psychotic-like experiences, related symptoms, and working memory with functioning

2020

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This study examined the association of spatial working memory and attenuated psychotic-like experiences and related symptoms with social and role functioning. Findings from this study suggest that symptom dimensions and working memory impairment were associated with diminished functioning across a variety of domains. Specifically, negative symptoms and working memory impairment were inversely associated with both social and role functioning, whereas positive and disorganized symptoms showed inverse associations with social functioning only. Symptom dimensions did not moderate cognitive and functional variables, although working memory and attenuated clinical symptoms had an additive effect on functioning. Post-hoc analyses examining symptom dimensions simultaneously showed negative symptoms to be the variable most strongly predictive of overall functioning. These findings suggest that even in a non-clinical sample, sub-threshold psychosis symptoms and cognition may influence people’s social and role functioning.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of psychotic-like experiences, related symptoms, and working memory with functioning

2020

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“…Previous network research has relied on cross-sectional models to study psychosis ( Isvoranu et al, 2017 , 2018 ; van Rooijen et al, 2017 ). However, only a few studies included paranoia as an element in the network ( Isvoranu et al, 2016 ; Bell and O’Driscoll, 2018 ; Hajdúk et al, 2019 ). Yet, their findings were heterogeneous (for a discussion, see Contreras et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Temporal Network Approach to Paranoia: A Pilot Study

et al. 2020

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Paranoid beliefs have been conceptualized as a central psychological process linked to schizophrenia and many mental disorders. Research on paranoia has indicated that it is pivotal to consider not only levels but also dynamic aspects of incriminated related mechanisms over time. In the present study, we conceptualized paranoia as a system of interacting elements. To do so, we used temporal network analysis to unfold the temporal dynamics between core psychological paranoia-related mechanisms, such as self-esteem, sadness, feeling close to others, and experiential avoidance. Time-series data of 23 participants with high scores in paranoia and/or interpersonal sensitivity were collected via experience sampling methodology (ESM). We applied a multilevel vector autoregressive (mlVAR) model approach and computed three distinct and complementary network models (i.e., contemporaneous, temporal, and between-subject) to disentangle associations between paranoia-related mechanisms in three different time frames. The contemporaneous model indicated that paranoia and sadness co-occurred within the same time frame, while sadness was associated with both low self-esteem and lack of closeness to others. The temporal model highlighted the importance of feeling close to others in predicting low paranoia levels in the next time frame. Finally, the between-subject model largely replicated an association found in both contemporaneous and temporal models. The current study reveals that the network approach offers a viable data-driven methodology for elucidating how paranoia-related mechanisms fluctuate over time and may determine its severity. Moreover, this novel perspective may open up new directions toward identifying potential targets for prevention and treatment of paranoia-related problems.

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“…Paranoid delusions are the most common delusions in patients with psychosis (Brakoulias & Starcevic, 2008; Gecici et al, 2010) and also found in lower, but varying levels in the general population (Nuevo et al, 2012). Thus, paranoid delusions are considered as a continuous phenomenon (Bell, Halligan, & Ellis, 2006), with hypothesized similar mechanisms acting in patients with psychosis and in nonclinical individuals (De Sousa, Sellwood, Griffiths, & Bentall, 2019; Hajdúk, Klein, Harvey, Penn, & Pinkham, 2019; Oestreich, Randeniya, & Garrido, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional instability and expressive suppression are related to paranoia in daily life: An electronic mobile assessment study in nonclinical individuals

Nittel

Lamster

Rief³

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology

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Although instable negative emotions and problems in emotion regulation (ER) are common in patients with psychosis and are discussed as potential factors involved in the formation and maintenance of paranoia, it is unclear whether they increase the risk of developing paranoia in nonclinical controls. The present study aims to investigate whether the instability of negative emotions leads to paranoia in healthy participants. It should be further analyzed if the application of maladaptive ER strategies enhances subclinical paranoid ideation and if the use of adaptive ER strategies reduces subclinical paranoid ideation. Method: Nonclinical controls ( n = 83) repeatedly reported the presence and instability of negative emotions, paranoia, and the use of maladaptive (expressive suppression, rumination) and adaptive (reappraisal, acceptance) ER strategies in their daily life on six consecutive days using electronic mobile assessment. Results: Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that nonclinical controls reporting a pronounced instability of negative emotions showed more pronounced paranoia at a subsequent time point. Moreover, participants who used expressive suppression at a certain time experienced more severe paranoia at the subsequent time point. Conclusion: If these findings are confirmed in high-risk samples, ER processes could be considered as an additional factor in theoretical models of paranoia formation.

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Paranoia and interpersonal functioning across the continuum from healthy to pathological – Network analysis

Cited by 39 publications

References 51 publications

Associations of psychotic-like experiences, related symptoms, and working memory with functioning

Associations of psychotic-like experiences, related symptoms, and working memory with functioning

A Temporal Network Approach to Paranoia: A Pilot Study

Emotional instability and expressive suppression are related to paranoia in daily life: An electronic mobile assessment study in nonclinical individuals

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