Paramyxoviruses: Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus

Crowe, James E.; Williams, John V.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7448-8_26

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 338 publications

(142 reference statements)

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“…HMPV causes respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. 109 PIV3 is a single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus. It consists of three nucleocapsid associated proteins, the nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), large polymerase protein (L), an accessory protein (C) encoded by the second open reading frame (ORF) in the P mRNA; an internal matrix protein (M) and two envelope-associated proteins, the fusion (F) and the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoproteins, which are the major neutralization and protective antigens.…”

Section: Human Metapneumovirus (Hmpv) and Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (Piv3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of mRNA Vaccines for Infectious Diseases: Recent Updates

Nitika¹,

Wei²,

Hui³

2021

IDR

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mRNA-based technologies have been of interest for the past few years to be used for therapeutics. Several mRNA vaccines for various diseases have been in preclinical and clinical stages. With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the emergence of mRNA vaccines has transformed modern science. Recently, two major mRNA vaccines have been developed and approved by global health authorities for administration on the general population for protection against SARS-CoV-2. They have been proven to be successful in conferring protection against the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants. This will draw attention to various mRNA vaccines against infectious diseases that are in the early stages of clinical trials. mRNA vaccines offer several advantages ranging from rapid design, generation, manufacturing, and administration and have strong potential to be used against various diseases in the future. Here, we summarize the mRNA-based vaccines in development against various infectious diseases.

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Section: Human Metapneumovirus (Hmpv) and Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (Piv3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of mRNA Vaccines for Infectious Diseases: Recent Updates

Nitika¹,

Wei²,

Hui³

2021

IDR

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“…Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a negative-strand RNA virus that is classified in the Orthopneumovirus genus of the family Pneumoviridae . It is a major cause of lower respiratory disease in young infants, immunocompromised individuals, and elderly people, resulting in annual epidemics worldwide [ 1 ]. The single-stranded RNA genome of RSV is approximate 15.2 kb and encodes 11 viral proteins [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and evolution of computationally predicted T cell epitopes against human respiratory syncytial virus

et al. 2023

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Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory infection. Despite more than 60 years of research, there is no licensed vaccine. While B cell response is a major focus for vaccine design, the T cell epitope profile of RSV is also important for vaccine development. Here, we computationally predicted putative T cell epitopes in the Fusion protein (F) and Glycoprotein (G) of RSV wild circulating strains by predicting Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I and class II binding affinity. We limited our inferences to conserved epitopes in both F and G proteins that have been experimentally validated. We applied multidimensional scaling (MDS) to construct T cell epitope landscapes to investigate the diversity and evolution of T cell profiles across different RSV strains. We find the RSV strains are clustered into three RSV-A groups and two RSV-B groups on this T epitope landscape. These clusters represent divergent RSV strains with potentially different immunogenic profiles. In addition, our results show a greater proportion of F protein T cell epitope content conservation among recent epidemic strains, whereas the G protein T cell epitope content was decreased. Importantly, our results suggest that RSV-A and RSV-B have different patterns of epitope drift and replacement and that RSV-B vaccines may need more frequent updates. Our study provides a novel framework to study RSV T cell epitope evolution. Understanding the patterns of T cell epitope conservation and change may be valuable for vaccine design and assessment.

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“…The high risk of RSV infection in children can increase the susceptibility to asthma and can also aggravate asthmatic episodes. Respiratory Syncytial Virus belongs to the genus of paramyxovirus under the paramyxoviridae family of viruses and it has a negative sense single-stranded RNA genome (Crowe & Williams, 2014). It is an enveloped virus that exists both in filamentous and spherical form (Gower et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Suspected Asthmatic Children by Conventional RT-PCR Assays in Kathmandu

Khadka

Sah

Amatya

2023

J. Nepal. Biotech. Assoc.

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the most common causative agent for lower respiratory tract infections in children particularly in infants. At least 50% of children are infected with RSV by the age of 2 to 3 years of age. However, the diagnosis of the RSV infection and its association with risk factors for asthma in asthmatic children is not studied in Nepal. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of RSV in asthmatic children. This work was a hospital based cross-sectional prospective study and conducted from September 2017 to February 2018. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of Kanti Children’s Hospital, Maharajgunj. Suspected asthmatic children visiting the Special Asthma OPD of Kanti Children’s Hospital, Maharajgunj were selected with the help of asthma specialist using a set of inclusion criteria for asthma. A total of 32 nasal swab samples were obtained from suspected asthmatic children. Initially, samples were processed for RNA extraction. The extracted RNA was then used for cDNA synthesis followed by PCR using primers for the Nucleocapsid (N) gene of RSV. Out of total 32 samples, 9 (28%) samples were positive for the N gene of RSV. There was no significant association of different variables including age (P=0.187), sex (P=0.264), family history of asthma (P=0.115), passive smoking (P=0.88), birth weight (P=0.954), seasonality (P=0.298) and history of pneumonia (P=0.457) with the RSV infection in this study.

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Paramyxoviruses: Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus

Cited by 7 publications

References 338 publications

The Development of mRNA Vaccines for Infectious Diseases: Recent Updates

The Development of mRNA Vaccines for Infectious Diseases: Recent Updates

Diversity and evolution of computationally predicted T cell epitopes against human respiratory syncytial virus

Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Suspected Asthmatic Children by Conventional RT-PCR Assays in Kathmandu

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